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Preface

• Audience
• Documentation Accessibility
• Related Documentation
• Conventions

What's New in Oracle Net Services?

• Oracle Database 10g New Features in Oracle Net Services

Part I Getting Started with Oracle Net Services

1 Networking Challenges in the Internet Age

• What Is the Big Picture for Networking?
• Oracle's Solution to Networking Issues
• • Connectivity
  • • Client/Server Application Connections
    • Web Client Application Connections
    • Web Client Connections Without an Application Web Server
  • Manageability
  • • Location Transparency
    • Centralized Configuration and Management
    • Quick Installation and Configuration
  • Internet and Intranet Scalability
  • • Shared Server
    • Connection Pooling
  • Performance Between the Middle Tier and Oracle Database
  • Network Security
  • • Firewall Access Control
    • Protocol Access Control
• A Suite of Networking Components
• • Oracle Net
  • • Oracle Net Foundation Layer
    • Oracle Protocol Support
  • Oracle Net Listener
  • Oracle Connection Manager
  • Networking Tools
  • Oracle Advanced Security

2 Quick Start to Oracle Net Connections

• Prerequisites to Establishing Connectivity
• Task 1: Confirm Network Availability
• Task 2: Start the Listener and the Database Server
• Task 3: Configure the Client for Connection to a Database
• Task 4: Connect to the Database

3 Connectivity Concepts

• Database Service and Database Instance Identification
• • Database Services
  • Database Instances
• Service Accessibility
• Enhanced Service Accessibility with Multiple Listeners
• • Connect-Time Failover
  • Transparent Application Failover
  • Client Load Balancing
  • Runtime Connection Load Balancing
• Service Handlers
• • Dispatchers
  • Dedicated Server Processes
• Naming

4 Configuration Management Concepts

• Configuration Models
• Localized Configuration File Support
• Directory Server Support
• • Directory Naming Overview
  • Naming Configuration Storage in a Directory Server
  • Net Service Alias Entries
  • Directory Entries
  • Adding or Modifying Entries in the Directory Server
  • Client Connections Using Directory Naming
  • • Using the Entry's Relative Name
    • Using the Entry's Absolute Name
  • Oracle Net Configuration and Directory Server Design
  • • Performance
    • Security
    • Schema
  • Limitations of Directory Naming Support with Microsoft Active Directory

5 Architecture of Oracle Net Services

• Oracle Net Stack Communication Architecture
• • Stack Communication for Client/Server Application Connections
  • Stack Communication for Java Application Connections
  • Stack Communication for Web Client Connections
• Listener Architecture
• Database Server Process Architecture
• • Shared Server Processes
  • Dedicated Server Processes
• Oracle Connection Manager Architecture
• A Complete Architecture

6 Configuration and Administration Tools Overview

• User Interface Tools
• • Oracle Enterprise Manager
  • Oracle Net Manager
  • Selecting When to Use Oracle Enterprise Manager and Oracle Net Manager
  • Oracle Net Configuration Assistant
• Oracle Net Control Utilities
• • Listener Control Utility
  • Oracle Connection Manager Control Utility
• Duties of a Network Administrator

Part II Configuration and Administration of Oracle Net Services

7 Planning the Network

• Deploying a Network Inside an Organization
• • Scalability
  • • Shared Server
    • Connection Pooling
    • Session Multiplexing
  • Availability
  • • Connect-Time Failover
    • Client Load Balancing
  • Naming Methods
  • JDBC Drivers
  • Security
  • Tuning and Performance
  • • Listener Queue Size
    • Session Data Unit (SDU) Size
    • Protocol Conversion
• Deploying a Network for the Internet
• • Scalability
  • Availability
  • Naming Methods
  • JDBC Drivers
  • Security
  • • Access Control
    • Listener and Database Server Connection Limits
    • Tuning and Performance
• Naming Considerations
• Performance Considerations
• • Listener Queue Size
  • Session Data Unit Size for Data Transfer Optimization
  • Persistent Buffer Flushing for TCP/IP
• Planning Summary

8 Configuring Naming Methods

• Naming Method Configuration Overview
• About Connect Descriptors
• • Naming Methods
• Configuring the Local Naming Method
• • Configuring the tnsnames.ora File During Installation
  • • Administrator or Runtime Installation
    • Custom Installation
  • Configuring the tnsnames.ora File After Installation
  • • Task 1: Configure Net Service Names
    • Task 2: Configure TNSNAMES as the First Naming Method
    • Task 3: Distribute Configuration
    • Task 4: Configure the Listener
    • Task 5: Connect to the Database
• Configuring the Directory Naming Method
• • Directory Naming Method Configuration Steps
  • • Task 1: Verify Directory Version Compatibility
    • Task 2: Create or Modify Net Entries
    • Task 3: Configure LDAP as the First Naming Method for Client Lookups
    • Task 4: Configure the Listener
    • Task 5: Connect to the Database
  • Administering the OracleNetAdmins Group
  • Exporting Local Naming Entries to a Directory Naming Server
  • • Exporting Net Service Names from a tnsnames.ora File
  • Creating Multiple Default Contexts in a Directory Naming Server
  • Exporting Directory Naming Entries to a tnsnames.ora File
• Using the Easy Connect Naming Method
• Configuring External Naming Methods
• • Network Information Service (NIS)
  • • Task 1: Configure NIS Servers to Support the NIS External Naming
    • Task 2: Configure Clients
  • Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) Cell Directory Service (CDS)

9 Configuring Profiles

• Profile Configuration Overview
• Profile Configuration During Installation
• Configuring Client Attributes for Names Resolution
• • Configuring a Default Domain for Clients
  • Prioritizing Naming Methods
  • Routing Connection Requests
• Configuring Database Access Control
• Configuring Advanced Profile Information
• Configuring External Naming Methods
• Configuring Oracle Advanced Security

10 Configuring and Administering the Listener

• Listener Configuration Overview
• Listener Configuration During Installation
• Customizing Listener Configuration
• • Configuring Listening Protocol Addresses
  • Configuring Access to Oracle JServer
  • Handling Large Volumes of Concurrent Connection Requests
  • Configuring Static Service Information
  • Configuring Password Authentication for the Listener
• Configuring Service Registration
• • Configuring Service Registration
  • Registering Information with the Default, Local Listener
  • Registering Information with a Nondefault Listener
  • Registering Information with a Remote Listener
  • Configuring a Naming Method
• Listener Administration
• • Starting and Stopping a Listener
  • Determining the Current Status of a Listener
  • Monitoring Services of a Listener
  • Monitoring Listener Log Files

11 Configuring and Administering Oracle Connection Manager

• Oracle Connection Manager Configuration Overview
• Configuring Oracle Connection Manager
• • Configuring the Oracle Connection Manager Computer
  • • Listening Endpoint (ADDRESS)
    • Access Control Rule List (RULE_LIST)
    • Parameter List (PARAMETER_LIST)
  • Configuring Clients for Oracle Connection Manager
  • Configuring the Oracle Database Server for Oracle Connection Manager
  • • Service Registration Configuration
    • Session Multiplexing Configuration
• Enabling Oracle Connection Manager Features
• • Enabling Session Multiplexing
  • Enabling Access Control
• Migrating cman.ora from Oracle9i to Oracle Database 10g

12 Configuring Dispatchers

• Configuring Dispatchers
• Enabling Connection Pooling
• Enabling Session Multiplexing
• Grouping Services by Dispatcher
• Configuring Clients for Environments Using Both Dedicated Server and Shared Server

13 Enabling Advanced Features of Oracle Net Services

• Configuring Advanced Network Address and Connect Data Information
• • Creating a List of Listener Protocol Addresses
  • • Oracle Enterprise Manager
    • Oracle Net Manager
  • Configuring Address List Parameters
  • Configuring Advanced Connect Data Parameters
  • • Oracle Enterprise Manager
    • Oracle Net Manager
• Configuring Runtime Connection Load Balancing
• • Example: Connection Pool Load Balancing for Shared Server Configuration
  • Example: Connection Pool Load Balancing for Dedicated Server Configuration
• Configuring Transparent Application Failover
• • About TAF
  • What TAF Restores
  • • Client-Server Database Connections
    • Users' Database Sessions
    • Executed Commands
    • Open Cursors Used for Fetching
    • Active Transactions
    • Serverside Program Variables
  • TAF Database Configurations
  • FAILOVER_MODE Parameters
  • TAF Implementation
  • • Example: TAF with Connect-Time Failover and Client Load Balancing
    • Example: TAF Retrying a Connection
    • Example: TAF Pre-Establishing a Connection
    • TAF Verification
• Specifying the Instance Role for Primary and Secondary Instance Configurations
• Configuring Connections to Non-Oracle Database Services
• • Configuring Oracle Net Services for External Procedures
  • • Default Configuration for External Procedures
    • Modifying Configuration of External Procedures for Higher Security
  • Configuring Oracle Net Services for Oracle Heterogeneous Services
  • Configuring Oracle Net Services for an Oracle Rdb Database

14 Optimizing Performance

• Configuring Session Data Unit
• Configuring I/O Buffer Space
• Configuring SDP Protocol Support for Infiniband Network Communication to the Database Server
• Configuring the Listener and the Oracle Database To Limit Resource Consumption By Unauthorized Users

Part III Testing and Troubleshooting Oracle Net Services

15 Establishing a Network and Testing the Connection

• Connecting to a Database
• • Starting Oracle Net Services Components
  • • Task 1: Start the Listener
    • Task 2: Start the Database
    • Task 3: Start Oracle Connection Manager
  • Entering a Connect String
  • • Connect Identifier and Connect Descriptor Syntax Characteristics
    • Absolute Name Specification for Directory Naming
  • Initiating Connections
  • • Connecting from the Operating System to Test a Client
    • Connecting from the Tool Logon Screen to Test a Client
    • Connecting from 3GL to Test a Client
    • Connecting Using Special Commands Within Tools
• Testing the Network
• • Testing a Listener
  • Testing Oracle Connection Manager
  • Testing Configuration on the Database Server
  • Testing Network Connectivity from the Client
  • • TNSPING Utility
    • TRCROUTE Utility
    • Oracle Net Manager

16 Troubleshooting Oracle Net Services

• Diagnosing Net Services
• • Server Diagnostics
  • • Task 1: Verify the Database Is Running
    • Task 2: Perform a Loopback Test
  • Client Diagnostics
• Resolving the Most Common Error Messages for Oracle Net Services
• • Troubleshooting Directory Naming Errors
• Troubleshooting Tips from the Field for Oracle Net Services
• • Questions to Ask When Troubleshooting Oracle Net Services
• Troubleshooting the TNS-12154 Error
• • Problem Description for TNS-12154
  • Troubleshooting TNS-12154 on UNIX
• Troubleshooting Network Problems Using Log and Trace Files
• Logging Error Information for Oracle Net Services
• • Oracle Net Error Stacks
  • • Example: Error Stack
  • Oracle Net Services Log File Names
  • Setting Logging Parameters
  • • sqlnet.ora Log Parameters
    • listener.ora Log Parameters
    • cman.ora Log Parameters
    • Setting Logging Parameters in Configuration Files
  • Setting Logging Settings During Runtime of Control Utilities
  • Using Log Files
  • Analyzing Listener Log Files
  • • Listener Log Audit Trail Information
    • Listener Service Registration Event Information
    • Listener Direct Hand-Off Information
    • Listener Subscription for ONS Node Down Event Information
    • Listener CRS Notification Information
  • Analyzing Oracle Connection Manager Logs
  • • CMADMIN Log File Example
    • Gateway Log File Example
• Tracing Error Information for Oracle Net Services
• • Oracle Net Services Trace File Names
  • Setting Tracing Parameters
  • • sqlnet.ora Trace Parameters
    • listener.ora Trace Parameters
    • cman.ora Trace Parameters
    • Setting Tracing Parameters in Configuration Files
  • Setting Tracing Settings During Runtime of Control Utilities
  • Evaluating Oracle Net Services Traces
  • • Flow of Data Packets Between Network Nodes
    • Oracle Net Data Packet Formats
    • Pertinent Oracle Net Trace Error Output
  • Using the Trace Assistant to Examine Trace Files
  • • Trace Assistant Syntax
    • Packet Examples
    • Two-Task Common Packet Examples
    • Connection Example
    • Statistics Example
• Contacting Oracle Support Services

Glossary

Index