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Oracle® Enterprise Manager Administration
11
g
Release 1 (11.1.0.1)
Part Number E16790-03
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Contents
List of Examples
List of Figures
List of Tables
Title and Copyright Information
Preface
Audience
Documentation Accessibility
Related Documents
Conventions
Part I Basic Administration
1
Monitoring
Systems Monitoring: Breadth and Depth
Monitoring Basics
Out-of-Box Monitoring
Metric Thresholds
Alerts
Notifications
Customizing Notifications
Corrective Actions
Blackouts
Monitoring Templates
User-Defined Metrics
Accessing Monitoring Information
2
Enterprise Manager Security
About Oracle Enterprise Manager Security
Enterprise Manager Authentication
Repository-Based Authentication
Single Sign-On Based Authentication
Registering Enterprise Manager as a Partner Application
Removing Single Sign-On Configuration
Registering Single Sign-On Users as Enterprise Manager Administrators
Grid Control as a Single Sign-On Partner Application
Bypassing the Single Sign-On Logon Page
Enterprise User Security Based Authentication
Registering Enterprise Users as Enterprise Manager Users
Enterprise Manager Authorization
Classes of Users
Privileges and Roles
Granting Privileges
Configuring Security for Grid Control
About Enterprise Manager Framework Security
Overview of the Steps Required to Enable Enterprise Manager Framework Security
Enabling Security for the Oracle Management Service
Checking the Security Status
Creating a New Certificate Authority
Viewing the Security Status and OMS Port Information
Configuring Transparent Layer Security
Enabling Security for the Oracle Management Agent
Enabling Security with Multiple Management Service Installations
Restricting HTTP Access to the Management Service
Managing Agent Registration Passwords
Using the Grid Control Console to Manage Agent Registration Passwords
Using emctl to Add a New Agent Registration Password
Enabling Security with a Server Load Balancer
Enabling Security for the Management Repository Database
About Oracle Advanced Security and the sqlnet.ora Configuration File
Configuring the Management Service to Connect to a Secure Management Repository Database
Enabling Oracle Advanced Security for the Management Repository
Enabling Security for a Management Agent Monitoring a Secure Management Repository or Database
Configuring Third Party Certificates
Configuring Third Party Certificate for HTTPS Upload Virtual Host
Configuring Third Party Certificate for HTTPS WebTier Virtual Host
Configuring Security for the Database Control
Accessing Managed Targets
Credential Subsystem
Managing Credentials Using EMCLI
Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) Support for Hosts
Configuring PAM for RHEL4 Users
Configuring PAM for AIX Users
Sudo and PowerBroker Support
Creating a Privilege Delegation Setting
Cryptographic Support
Configuring the emkey
emctl Commands
emctl status emkey
emctl config emkey -copy_to_credstore
emctl config emkey -copy_to_repos
emctl config emkey -copy_to_file_from_credstore
emctl config emkey -copy_to_file_from_repos
emctl config emkey -copy_to_credstore_from_file
emctl config emkey -copy_to_repos_from_file
emctl config emkey -remove_from_repos
Install and Upgrade Scenarios
Installing the Management Repository
Installing the First Oracle Management Service
Upgrading from 10.2 to 11.1
Recreating the Management Repository
Setting Up the Auditing System for Enterprise Manager
Configuring the Enterprise Manager Audit System
Configuring the Audit Data Export Service
Updating the Audit Settings
Searching the Audit Data
List of Operations Audited
Additional Security Considerations
Changing the SYSMAN and MGMT_VIEW Passwords
Changing the SYSMAN User Password
Changing the MGMT_VIEW User Password
Responding to Browser-Specific Security Certificate Alerts
Responding to the Internet Explorer Security Alert Dialog Box
Responding to the Netscape Navigator New Site Certificate Dialog Box
Preventing the Display of the Internet Explorer Security Information Dialog Box
Configuring Beacons to Monitor Web Applications Over HTTPS
Using ORACLE _HOME Credentials
Patching Oracle Homes When the User is Locked
Cloning Oracle Homes
3
Notifications
Setting Up Notifications
Setting Up a Mail Server for Notifications
Setting Up Repeat Notifications
Setting Up E-mail for Yourself
Defining E-mail Addresses
Setting Up a Notification Schedule
Subscribe to Receive E-mail for Notification Rules
Setting Up E-mail for Other Administrators
E-mail Customization
E-mail Customization Reference
Extending Notification Beyond E-mail
Custom Notification Methods Using Scripts and SNMP Traps
Adding a Notification Method based on an OS Command or Script
Adding a Notification Method Based on a PL/SQL Procedure
Adding a Notification Method Based on an SNMP Trap
Passing Corrective Action Status Change Information
Passing Corrective Action Execution Status to an OS Command or Script
Passing Corrective Action Execution Status to a PLSQL Procedure
Passing Job Execution Status Information
Passing Job Execution Status to a PLSQL Procedure
Passing Job Execution Status to an OS Command or Script
Passing User-Defined Target Properties to Notification Methods
Assigning Methods to Rules
Assigning Rules to Methods
Notification Coverage
Management Information Base (MIB)
About MIBs
Reading the MIB Variable Descriptions
Variable Name
MIB Definition
Troubleshooting Notifications
General Setup
Notification System Errors
Notification System Trace Messages
E-mail Errors
OS Command Errors
SNMP Trap Errors
PL/SQL Errors
4
User-Defined Metrics
Extending Monitoring Capability
Creating OS-Based User-Defined Metrics
Create Your OS Monitoring Script
Code to check the status of monitored objects
Code to return script results to Enterprise Manager
Script Runtime Environment
Register the Script as a User-Defined Metric
OS-Based User-Defined Metric Example
Creating a SQL-Based User-Defined Metric
SQL-Based User-Defined Metric Examples
Example 1: Query Returning Tablespace Name and Percent Used
Example 2: Query Returning Segment Name/Type and Extent Count
Example 3: Embed a Long SQL statement in a PL/SQL Routine
Notifications, Corrective Actions, and Monitoring Templates
Getting Notifications for User-Defined Metrics
Setting Corrective Actions for User-Defined Metrics
Deploying User-Defined Metrics Across Many Targets Using Monitoring Templates
Deleting User-Defined Metrics Across Many Targets Using Monitoring Templates
Changing User-Defined Metric Credentials
5
Group Management
Introduction to Groups
Managing Groups
Group Home Page
Group Charts Page
Group Administration Page
Group Members Page
System Dashboard
Out-of-Box Reports
Redundancy Groups
Privilege Propagating Groups
Creating Privilege Propagating Groups
Using the Group Administration Privilege
Adding Members to Privilege Propagating Groups
Converting Conventional Groups to Privilege Propagating Groups
6
Job System
Job System Purpose and Overview
What Are Job Executions and Job Runs?
Operations on Job Executions and Job Runs
Preliminary Considerations
Using Pre-defined Tasks
Creating Scripts
Sharing Job Responsibilities
Jobs and Groups
Creating Jobs
Selecting a Job Type
Creating an OS Command Job
Specifying a Single Operation
Specifying a Script
Access Level Rules
Creating a SQL Script Job
Specifying Targets
Options for the Parameters Page
Specifying Host and Database Credentials
Returning Error Codes from SQL Script Jobs
Creating a Multi-task Job
Job Capabilities
Specifying Targets for a Multi-task Job
Adding Tasks to the Job
Analyzing Job Activity
7
Starting and Stopping Enterprise Manager Components
Controlling the Oracle Management Agent
Starting, Stopping, and Checking the Status of the Management Agent on UNIX
Starting and Stopping the Management Agent on Windows
Checking the Status of the Management Agent on Windows
Controlling the Oracle Management Service
Controlling the Management Service on UNIX
Using emctl to Start, Stop, and Check the Status of the Oracle Management Service
Controlling the Management Service on Windows
Controlling Fusion Middleware Control
Controlling the Database Control on UNIX
Starting the Database Control on UNIX
Stopping the Database Control on UNIX
Starting and Stopping the Database Control on Windows
Guidelines for Starting Multiple Enterprise Manager Components on a Single Host
Starting and Stopping Oracle Enterprise Manager 11
g
Grid Control
Starting Grid Control and All Its Components
Stopping Grid Control and All Its Components
Additional Management Agent Commands
Uploading and Reloading Data to the Management Repository
Specifying New Target Monitoring Credentials
Using the Grid Control Console to Modify the Monitoring Credentials
Using the Enterprise Manager Command Line to Modify the Monitoring Credentials
Listing the Targets on a Managed Host
Controlling Blackouts
Changing the Management Agent Time Zone
Reevaluating Metric Collections
emctl Commands
Using emctl.log File
8
Information Publisher
About Information Publisher
Out-of-Box Report Definitions
Custom Reports
Creating Custom Reports
Report Parameters
Report Elements
Scheduling Reports
Flexible Schedules
Storing and Purging Report Copies
E-mailing Reports
Sharing Reports
9
Sizing Your Enterprise Manager Deployment
Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control Architecture Overview
Enterprise Manager Grid Control Sizing and Performance Methodology
Step 1: Choosing a Starting Platform Grid Control Deployment
Network Topology Considerations
Step 2: Periodically Evaluate the Vital Signs of Your Site
Step 3: Use DBA and Enterprise Manager Tasks To Eliminate Bottlenecks Through Housekeeping
Online Weekly Tasks
Offline Monthly Tasks
Step 4: Eliminate Bottlenecks Through Tuning
High CPU Utilization
Loader Vital Signs
Rollup Vital Signs
Rollup Process
Job, Notification, and Alert Vital Signs
I/O Vital Signs
The Oracle Enterprise Manager Performance Page
Step 5: Extrapolating Linearly Into the Future for Sizing Requirements
Oracle Enterprise Manager Backup, Recovery, and Disaster Recovery Considerations
Best Practices for Backup
Best Practices for Recovery
Recovering the Management Repository
Recovering the Oracle Management Service
Recovering the Oracle Management Agent
Preventing Data Loss and Down Time While Switching From a Non-shared File System to a Shared File System
Best Practice for Disaster Recovery (DR)
Management Repository
Oracle Management Service
Management Agent
10
Maintaining and Troubleshooting the Management Repository
Management Repository Deployment Guidelines
Management Repository Data Retention Policies
Management Repository Default Aggregation and Purging Policies
Management Repository Default Aggregation and Purging Policies for Other Management Data
Modifying the Default Aggregation and Purging Policies
Modifying Data Retention Policies When Targets Are Deleted
How to Modify the Retention Period of Job History
Changing the SYSMAN Password
Overview of the MGMT_VIEW User
Dropping and Recreating the Management Repository
Dropping the Management Repository
Recreating the Management Repository
Using the RepManager Script to Create the Management Repository
Using a Connect Descriptor to Identify the Management Repository Database
Troubleshooting Management Repository Creation Errors
Package Body Does Not Exist Error While Creating the Management Repository
Server Connection Hung Error While Creating the Management Repository
General Troubleshooting Techniques for Creating the Management Repository
Cross Platform Enterprise Manager Repository Migration
Common Prerequisites
Methodologies
Cross Platform Transportable Tablespaces
Data Pump
Export/Import
Post Migration Verification
Improving the Login Performance of the Console Home Page
11
Locating and Configuring Enterprise Manager Log Files
Locating and Configuring Management Agent Log and Trace Files
About the Management Agent Log and Trace Files
Locating the Management Agent Log and Trace Files
About Management Agent Rollover Files
Controlling the Size and Number of Management Agent Log and Trace Files
Controlling the Contents of the Management Agent Trace File
Controlling the Size and Number of Fetchlet Log and Trace Files
Controlling the Contents of the Fetchlet Trace File
Locating and Configuring Oracle Management Service Log and Trace Files
About the Oracle Management Service Log and Trace Files
Locating Oracle Management Service Log and Trace Files
Controlling the Size and Number of Oracle Management Service Log and Trace Files
Controlling the Contents of the Oracle Management Service Trace File
Controlling the Oracle WebLogic Server and Oracle HTTP Server Log Files
12
Monitoring WebLogic Domains
Updating the Agent Truststore
Importing a Demo WebLogic Server Root CA Certificate.
Importing a Custom Root CA Certificate
Changing the Default AgentTrust.jks Password Using Keytool
Discovering and Monitoring weblogic domains where Admin Channel is enabled
Collecting JVM Performance Metrics for WebLogic Servers
Setting the PlatformMBeanServerUsed Attribute
Activating Platform MBeans on WebLogicServer 9.x to 10.3.2 versions
Part II Advanced Topics
13
Managing Compliance
Compliance Overview
Compliance Management
Accessing Compliance Management Pages in Grid Control
Investigating Policy Violations and Policy Group Evaluation Results
Assessing Security
Viewing Policy Violations Results
Policy Violations Reports
Setting Up Compliance Evaluations
Scheduling an Evaluation
Viewing Policy Group Evaluation Results
Out-of-Box Policies and Policy Groups
Customizing Policies
Defining Corrective Actions
Using Templates for Monitoring
Policy Groups Provided by Oracle
Secure Configuration for Oracle Database
Secure Configuration for Oracle Real Application Cluster
Secure Configuration for Oracle Listener
14
Configuring Services
Summary of Service Management Tasks
Setting up the System
Creating a Service
Configuring a Service
Availability Definition
Performance Metrics
Usage Metrics
Business Metrics
Service Tests and Beacons
Configuring the Beacons
Configuring Windows Beacons for Web Transaction (Browser) Playback
Root Cause Analysis Configuration
Getting the Most From Root Cause Analysis
Recording Web Transactions
Monitoring Settings
Configuring Aggregate Services
Configuring End-User Performance Monitoring
Configuring End-User Performance Monitoring Using Oracle HTTP Server Based on Apache 2.0 or Apache HTTP Server 2.0
Setting up the Third Party Apache Server
Configuring End-User Performance Monitoring Using Oracle Application Server Web Cache
Configuring Oracle Application Server Web Cache 10.1.2
Configuring Oracle Application Server Web Cache 9.0.4
Configuring End-User Performance Monitoring Using Earlier Versions of Oracle Application Server Web Cache
Configuring End-User Performance Monitoring Using Standalone Oracle Application Server Web Cache
Configuring End-User Performance Monitoring for Web Page Extensions
Configuring End-User Performance Monitoring for Web Pages Having the Same URI
Starting and Stopping End-User Performance Monitoring
Verifying and Troubleshooting End-User Performance Monitoring
Enabling End-User Performance Monitoring for Third-Party Application Servers
Managing Forms Applications
Recording and Monitoring Forms Transactions
Setting the Permissions of the .java.policy File
Using a Trusted Enterprise Manager Certificate
Adding a Forms Certificate to the Enterprise Manager Agent
Configuring the Forms Server
Installing the Transaction Recorder to Record and Play Back Forms Transactions
Monitoring the End-User Performance of Forms Applications
Configuring the Forms Server for End-User Performance Monitoring
Configuring the OracleAS Web Cache
Configuring the Oracle HTTP Server / Apache HTTP Server
Starting and Stopping End-User Performance Monitoring
Configuring OC4J for Request Performance Diagnostics
Selecting OC4J Targets for Request Performance Diagnostics
Configuring Interactive Transaction Tracing
Configuring OC4J Tracing for Request Performance Data
Additional Configuration for Monitoring UIX Applications
Setting Up Monitoring Templates
Configuring Service Tests and Beacons
Configuring Service Levels
Defining Service Level Rules
Viewing Service Level Details
Configuring a Service Using the Command Line Interface
Troubleshooting Service Tests
Verifying and Troubleshooting Forms Transactions
Troubleshooting Forms Transaction Playback
Troubleshooting Forms Transaction Recording
Troubleshooting End-User Performance of Forms Transactions
Verifying and Troubleshooting Web Transactions
15
Extending Enterprise Manager
Benefits of Extending Enterprise Manager
More Extensibility Information
Part III Enterprise Manager High Availability
16
High Availability Solutions
Latest High Availability Information
Defining High Availability
Levels of High Availability
Determining Your High Availability Needs
RTO, RPO, and Availability Levels
17
High Availability: Single Resource Configurations
About Single Resource Configurations
Deploying Grid Control Components on a Single Host
Backup and Recovery
Repository Backup and Recovery
Repository Backup
Repository Recovery
Recovery Scenarios
Oracle Management Service Backup and Recovery
Backing Up the OMS
Recovering the OMS
OMS Recovery Scenarios
Agent Backup and Recovery
Backing Up Agents
Recovering Agents
Agent Recovery Scenarios
Recovering from a Simultaneous OMS-Repository Failure
Collapsed Configuration: Incomplete Repository Recovery, Primary OMS on the Same Host
Distributed Configuration: Incomplete Repository Recovery, Primary OMS and additional OMS on Different Hosts, SLB Configured
EMCTL High Availability Commands
18
High Availability: Multiple Resource Configurations
Managing Multiple Hosts and Deploying a Remote Management Repository
Using Multiple Management Service Installations
High Availability Configurations
Configuring the Management Repository
Post Management Service - Install Management Repository Configuration
Configuring the Management Services
Management Service Install Location
Configuring the First Management Service for High Availability
Configuring Management Service to Management Repository Communication
Configuring Shared File System Loader
Configuring Software Library
Configuring a Load Balancer
Configuring Additional Management Services
Installing a Fresh Additional Management Service According MAA Best Practices
Retrofitting MAA Best Practices on Existing Additional Management Service
Configuring the Management Agent
Load Balancing Connections Between the Management Agent and the Management Service
Disaster Recovery
Prerequisites
Setup Standby Database
Setup Standby Management Service
Switchover
Failover
Automatic Failover
Installation Best Practices for Enterprise Manager High Availability
Configuring the Management Agent to Automatically Start on Boot and Restart on Failure
Configuring Restart for the Management Agent
Installing the Management Agent Software on Redundant Storage
Install the Management Service Shared File Areas on Redundant Storage
Configuration With Grid Control
Console Warnings, Alerts, and Notifications
Configure Additional Error Reporting Mechanisms
Component Backup
Troubleshooting
Upload Delay for Monitoring Data
Notification Delay of Target State Change
Configuring Oracle Enterprise Manager for Active and Passive Environments
Using Virtual Host Names for Active and Passive High Availability Environments in Enterprise Manager Database Control
Set Up the Alias for the Virtual Host Name and Virtual IP Address
Set Up Shared Storage
Set Up the Environment
Ensure That the Oracle USERNAME, ID, and GROUP NAME Are Synchronized on All Cluster Members
Ensure That Inventory Files Are on the Shared Storage
Start the Installer
Windows Specific Configuration Steps
Start Services
Configuring Grid Control Repository in Active/Passive High Availability Environments
Installation and Configuration
Set Up the Virtual Host Name/Virtual IP Address
Set Up the Environment
Synchronize Operating System User IDs
Set Up Inventory
Install the Software
Windows Specific Configuration Steps
Startup of Services
Summary
How to Configure Grid Control OMS in Active/Passive Environment for High Availability Failover Using Virtual Host Names
Overview and Requirements
Installation and Configuration
Setting Up the Virtual Host Name/Virtual IP Address
Setting Up Shared Storage
Setting Up the Environment
Synchronizing Operating System IDs
Setting Up Shared Inventory
Installing the Software
Windows Specific Configuration Steps
Starting Up Services
Summary
Configuring Targets for Failover in Active/Passive Environments
Target Relocation in Active/Passive Environments
Installation and Configuration
Prerequisites
Configuration Steps
Failover Procedure
Fallback Procedure
EM CLI Parameter Reference
Script Examples
Relocation Script
Start Listener Script
Stop Listener Script
19
Management Agent and Management Services
Reconfiguring the Oracle Management Agent
Configuring the Management Agent to Use a New Management Service
Securing the Management Agent
Changing the Management Agent Port
Controlling the Amount of Disk Space Used by the Management Agent
About the Management Agent Watchdog Process
Setting the Management Agent Time Zone
Understanding How the Management Agent Obtains Time Zone Information
Resetting the Time Zone of the Management Agent Due to Inconsistency of Time Zones
Troubleshooting Management Agent Time Zone Problems
Adding Trust Points to the Management Agent Configuration
Reconfiguring the Oracle Management Service
Configuring the Management Service to Use a New Management Repository
Changing the Repository Properties
About Changing the Repository Password
Configuring the Management Service to Prompt You When Using Execute Commands
Troubleshooting Management Service Time Zone Problems
Index
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