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Contents

List of Examples

List of Figures

List of Tables

Title and Copyright Information

Preface

• Audience
• Related Documentation
• Conventions

Changes in This Release for Backup and Recovery User's Guide

• Changes in Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
  • New Features
• Changes in Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1)
  • New Features
• Other Changes
  • Relocated Documentation

Part I Overview of Backup and Recovery

1 Introduction to Backup and Recovery

• Purpose of Backup and Recovery
  • About Data Protection
  • About Data Archival
  • About Data Transfer
• Oracle Backup and Recovery Solutions
• About Oracle Flashback Technology
  • Logical Flashback Features
  • Flashback Database
• About Data Recovery Advisor
• RMAN and Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control
  • About Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control
  • Accessing the Database Home Page Using Cloud Control
  • Performing Backup and Recovery Tasks with Cloud Control
• About Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance
  • Using RMAN with Recovery Appliance
• Backup and Recovery Documentation Roadmap
  • Recovery Manager Documentation Roadmap
  • User-Managed Backup and Recovery Documentation Roadmap

2 Getting Started with RMAN

• Overview of the RMAN Environment
• Starting RMAN and Connecting to a Database
• Showing the Default RMAN Configuration
• Backing Up a Database
  • Backing Up a Database in ARCHIVELOG Mode
  • Backing Up a Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode
  • About Typical RMAN Backup Options
  • Making Incremental Backups
  • Validating Database Files and Backups
  • Scripting RMAN Operations
• Reporting on RMAN Operations
  • Listing Backups
  • Reporting on Database Files and Backups
• Maintaining RMAN Backups
  • Cross-checking Backups
  • Deleting Obsolete Backups
• Diagnosing and Repairing Failures with Data Recovery Advisor
  • Listing Failures and Determining Repair Options
  • Repairing Failures
• Rewinding a Database with Flashback Database
• Restoring and Recovering Database Files
  • Preparing to Restore and Recover Database Files
  • Recovering the Whole Database
  • Recovering Tablespaces
  • Recovering Individual Data Blocks

Part II Starting and Configuring RMAN and Flashback Database

3 Recovery Manager Architecture

• About the RMAN Environment
• About RMAN Command-Line Client
• About RMAN Channels
  • About RMAN Channels and Devices
  • About RMAN Automatic and Manual Channels
• About the RMAN Repository
• About Media Management Using RMAN
  • About RMAN Interaction with a Media Manager
  • About RMAN and Oracle Secure Backup
  • About the Backup Solutions Program
• About the Fast Recovery Area
• About RMAN in a Data Guard Environment
  • About RMAN Configuration in a Data Guard Environment
  • About RMAN File Management in a Data Guard Environment
• About RMAN in a Recovery Appliance Environment
  • Creating RMAN Backups to Recovery Appliance

4 Starting and Interacting with the RMAN Client

• Overview of Interacting with the RMAN Client
  • About RMAN Database Connection Types
  • About Authentication for RMAN Database Connections
• Starting and Exiting RMAN
• Making Database Connections with RMAN
  • Making Database Connections from the RMAN Prompt
  • Making RMAN Database Connections from the Operating System Command Line
  • Connecting RMAN to an Auxiliary Database
  • Making RMAN Connections to a CDB
  • Making RMAN Database Connections Within Command Files
  • Diagnosing RMAN Connection Problems
• Specifying the Location of RMAN Output
• Setting Globalization Support Environment Variables for RMAN
• Entering RMAN Commands
  • Entering RMAN Commands at the RMAN Prompt
  • Using Command Files with RMAN
  • Entering Comments in RMAN Command Files
  • Using Substitution Variables in Command Files
  • Checking RMAN Syntax
• Using the RMAN Pipe Interface
  • Executing Multiple RMAN Commands in Succession Through a Pipe: Example
  • Executing RMAN Commands in a Single Job Through a Pipe: Example

5 Configuring the RMAN Environment

• About Configuring the Environment for RMAN Backups
  • Showing and Clearing Persistent RMAN Configurations
  • Configuring the Default Device for Backups: Disk or SBT
  • Configuring the Default Type for Backups: Backup Sets or Copies
  • Configuring Channels
  • Configuring Control File and Server Parameter File Autobackups
• Configuring RMAN to Make Backups to a Media Manager
  • Prerequisites for Using a Media Manager with RMAN
  • Determining the Location of the Media Management Library
  • Configuring Media Management Software for RMAN Backups
  • Testing Whether the Media Manager Library Is Integrated Correctly
  • Configuring SBT Channels for Use with a Media Manager
• Configuring RMAN to Make Backups to Recovery Appliance
  • Prerequisites for Using Recovery Appliance
  • Steps to Configure RMAN for Backups to Recovery Appliance
  • Determining the Location of the Recovery Appliance Backup Module
  • Specifying Recovery Appliance Configuration Settings for RMAN Backups
• Configuring the Fast Recovery Area
  • Overview of Files in the Fast Recovery Area
  • Enabling the Fast Recovery Area
  • Disabling the Fast Recovery Area
  • Configuring Locations for Control Files and Redo Logs
  • Configuring RMAN File Creation in the Fast Recovery Area
• Configuring the Backup Retention Policy
  • Configuring a Redundancy-Based Retention Policy
  • Configuring a Recovery Window-Based Retention Policy
  • Disabling the Retention Policy
• Backup Optimization and the CONFIGURE command
  • Overview of Backup Optimization
  • Effect of Retention Policies on Backup Optimization for SBT Backups
  • Configuring Backup Optimization
• Configuring an Archived Redo Log Deletion Policy
  • About Archived Redo Log Deletion Policies
  • Enabling an Archived Redo Log Deletion Policy
• Configuring RMAN in a Data Guard Environment

6 Configuring the RMAN Environment: Advanced Topics

• Configuring Advanced Channel Options
  • About Channel Control Options
  • Configuring Specific Channel Parameters
• Configuring Advanced Backup Options
  • Configuring the Maximum Size of Backup Sets
  • Configuring the Maximum Size of Backup Pieces
  • Configuring Backup Duplexing
  • Configuring Tablespaces for Exclusion from Whole Database Backups
  • Configuring Compression Options
  • Configuring Backup Encryption
• Configuring Auxiliary Instance Data File Names
• Configuring the Snapshot Control File Location
  • Viewing the Configured Location of the Snapshot Control File
  • Setting the Location of the Snapshot Control File
• Configuring RMAN for Use with a Shared Server
• Enabling Lost Write Detection

7 Using Flashback Database and Restore Points

• Overview of Flashback Database, Restore Points and Guaranteed Restore Points
  • About Flashback Database
  • About Flashback Database Window
  • Limitations of Flashback Database
  • About Normal Restore Points
  • About Guaranteed Restore Points
• About Logging for Flashback Database and Guaranteed Restore Points
  • Guaranteed Restore Points and Fast Recovery Area Space Usage
  • About Logging for Guaranteed Restore Points with Flashback Logging Disabled
  • About Logging for Flashback Database with Guaranteed Restore Points Defined
• Prerequisites for Flashback Database and Guaranteed Restore Points
• Using Normal and Guaranteed Restore Points
  • Creating Normal and Guaranteed Restore Points
  • Listing Restore Points
  • Dropping Restore Points
• Using Flashback Database
  • Enabling Flashback Database
  • Disabling Flashback Database Logging
  • Configuring the Environment for Optimal Flashback Database Performance
  • Monitoring the Effect of Flashback Database on Performance
  • About Flashback Writer (RVWR) Behavior with I/O Errors

Part III Backing Up and Archiving Data

8 RMAN Backup Concepts

• About Consistent and Inconsistent RMAN Backups
  • About Consistent RMAN Backups
  • About Inconsistent RMAN Backups
• About Online Backups and Backup Mode
• About Backup Sets
  • About Backup Sets and Backup Pieces
  • About RMAN Block Compression for Backup Sets
  • About Binary Compression for RMAN Backup Sets
  • About RMAN Backup Undo Optimization
  • About Encryption for RMAN Backup Sets
  • About File Names for RMAN Backup Pieces
  • About Number and Size of RMAN Backup Pieces
  • About Number and Size of RMAN Backup Sets
  • About Multiplexed RMAN Backup Sets
  • About RMAN Proxy Copies
• About RMAN Image Copies
  • About RMAN-Created Image Copies
  • About User-Managed Image Copies
• About Multiple Copies of RMAN Backups
  • About Duplexed Backup Sets
  • About Backups of RMAN Backups
• About RMAN Control File and Server Parameter File Autobackups
  • When RMAN Performs Control File Autobackups
  • How RMAN Performs Control File Autobackups
• About RMAN Incremental Backups
  • About Multilevel Incremental Backups
  • About Block Change Tracking
  • About the Incremental Backup Algorithm
  • About Recovery with Incremental Backups
  • About the Incremental-Forever Backup Strategy for Recovery Appliance
• About Backup Retention Policies
  • About the Recovery Window
  • About Backup Redundancy
  • About Batch Deletes of Obsolete Backups
  • About Backup Retention Policy and Fast Recovery Area Deletion Rules

9 Backing Up the Database

• Overview of RMAN Backups
  • Purpose of RMAN Backups
  • Basic Concepts of RMAN Backups
• Specifying Backup Output Options
  • Specifying the Device Type for an RMAN Backup
  • Specifying Backup Set or Copy for an RMAN Backup to Disk
  • Specifying a Format for RMAN Backups
  • Specifying Tags for an RMAN Backup
  • Making Compressed Backups
  • Specifying Multisection Incremental Backups
  • Making Multisection Backups Using Image Copies
• Backing Up Database Files with RMAN
  • Backing Up a Whole Database with RMAN
  • Backing Up Tablespaces and Data Files with RMAN
  • Backing Up Control Files with RMAN
  • Backing Up Server Parameter Files with RMAN
  • Backing Up a Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode
• Backing Up CDBs and PDBs
  • About Backing Up CDBs and PDBs
  • Backing Up a Whole CDB
  • Backing Up the Root with RMAN
  • Backing Up the Root with Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control
  • Backing Up PDBs with RMAN
  • Backing Up PDBs with Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control
  • Backing Up Tablespaces and Data Files in a PDB
• Backing Up Archived Redo Logs with RMAN
  • About Backups of Archived Redo Logs for non-CDBs
  • About Backup of Archived Redo Logs in CDBs
  • Backing Up Archived Redo Log Files in non-CDBs
  • Backing Up Only Archived Redo Logs That Need Backups in non-CDBs
  • Backing Up Archived Redo Logs in CDBs
  • Deleting Archived Redo Logs After Backups in non-CDBs
  • Deleting Archived Redo Logs After Backups in CDBs
• Making and Updating RMAN Incremental Backups
  • Purpose of RMAN Incremental Backups
  • Planning an Incremental Backup Strategy
  • Making Incremental Backups
  • Incrementally Updating Backups
  • Using Block Change Tracking to Improve Incremental Backup Performance
• Making Database Backups for Long-Term Storage
  • Purpose of Archival Backups
  • Basic Concepts of Archival Backups
  • Making an Archival Backup for Long-Term Storage
  • Making a Temporary Archival Backup
• Backing Up RMAN Backups
  • About Backups of RMAN Backups
  • Backing Up Backup Sets with RMAN
  • Backing Up Image Copy Backups with RMAN

10 Backing Up the Database: Advanced Topics

• Limiting the Size of RMAN Backup Sets
  • About Backup Set Size
  • Limiting the Size of Backup Sets with BACKUP ... MAXSETSIZE
  • Dividing the Backup of a Large Data File into Sections
• Using Backup Optimization to Skip Files
  • Optimizing a Daily Archived Log Backup to a Single Tape: Scenario
  • Optimizing a Daily Archived Log Backup to Multiple Media Families: Scenario
  • Creating a Weekly Secondary Backup of Archived Logs: Example
• Skipping Offline, Read-Only, and Inaccessible Files
• Duplexing Backup Sets
  • Duplexing Backup Sets with CONFIGURE BACKUP COPIES
  • Duplexing Backup Sets with BACKUP ... COPIES
• Making Split Mirror Backups with RMAN
• Encrypting RMAN Backups
  • About RMAN Backup Encryption Settings
  • Making Transparent-Mode Encrypted Backups
  • Making Password-Mode Encrypted Backups
  • Making Dual-Mode Encrypted Backups
• Restarting RMAN Backups
  • About Restartable Backups
  • Restarting a Backup After It Partially Completes
• Managing Backup Windows
  • About Backup Windows
  • Specifying a Backup Duration
  • Permitting Partial Backups in a Backup Window
  • Minimizing Backup Load and Duration

Part IV Managing RMAN Backups

11 Reporting on RMAN Operations

• Overview of RMAN Reporting
  • Purpose of RMAN Reporting
  • Basic Concepts of RMAN Reporting
  • Reporting in a Data Guard Environment
  • Reporting in CDBs and PDBs
• Listing Backups and Recovery-Related Objects
  • About the LIST Command
  • Listing All Backups and Copies
  • Listing Selected Backups and Copies
  • Listing Database Incarnations
• Reporting on Backups and Database Schema
  • About Reports of RMAN Backups
  • Reporting on Files Needing a Backup Under a Retention Policy
  • Reporting on Data Files Affected by Unrecoverable Operations
  • Reporting on Obsolete Backups
  • Reporting on the Database Schema
• Using V$ Views to Query Backup Metadata
  • Querying Details of Past and Current RMAN Jobs
  • Determining the Encryption Status of Backup Pieces
• Querying Recovery Catalog Views
  • About Recovery Catalog Views
  • Querying Catalog Views for the Target DB_KEY or DBID Values
  • Querying RC_BACKUP_FILES

12 Maintaining RMAN Backups and Repository Records

• Overview of RMAN Backup and Repository Maintenance
  • Purpose of Backup and Repository Maintenance
  • Basic Concepts of Backup and Repository Maintenance
• Maintaining the Control File Repository
  • About Control File Records
  • Preventing the Loss of Control File Records
  • Protecting the Control File
• Maintaining the Fast Recovery Area
  • Deletion Rules for the Fast Recovery Area
  • Monitoring Fast Recovery Area Space Usage
  • Managing Space for Flashback Logs in the Fast Recovery Area
  • Responding to a Full Fast Recovery Area
  • Changing the Fast Recovery Area to a New Location
  • Disabling the Fast Recovery Area
  • Responding to an Instance Crash During File Creation
• Updating the RMAN Repository
  • Crosschecking the RMAN Repository
  • Changing the Repository Status of Backups and Copies
  • Adding Backup Records to the RMAN Repository
  • Removing Records from the RMAN Repository
• Deleting RMAN Backups and Archived Redo Logs
  • Overview of Deleting RMAN Backups
  • Deleting All Backups and Copies
  • Deleting Specified Backups and Copies
  • Deleting Expired RMAN Backups and Copies
  • Deleting Obsolete RMAN Backups Based on Retention Policies
• Dropping a Database

13 Managing a Recovery Catalog

• Overview of the RMAN Recovery Catalog
  • Purpose of the RMAN Recovery Catalog
  • Basic Concepts for the RMAN Recovery Catalog
  • Basic Steps of Managing a Recovery Catalog
• Creating a Recovery Catalog
  • Configuring the Recovery Catalog Database
  • Creating the Recovery Catalog Schema Owner
  • Executing the CREATE CATALOG Command
• Registering a Database in the Recovery Catalog
  • About Registration of a Database in the Recovery Catalog
  • Registering a Database with the REGISTER DATABASE Command
• Cataloging Backups in the Recovery Catalog
• Creating and Managing Virtual Private Catalogs
  • Overview of Virtual Private Catalogs
  • Creating and Managing Virtual Private Catalogs with Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1)
  • Creating and Managing Virtual Private Catalogs with Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
  • Upgrading Virtual Private Catalogs to Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
• Protecting the Recovery Catalog
  • Backing Up the Recovery Catalog
  • Recovering the Recovery Catalog
• Managing Stored Scripts
  • About Stored Scripts
  • Creating Stored Scripts
  • Replacing Stored Scripts
  • Executing Stored Scripts
  • Creating and Executing Dynamic Stored Scripts
  • Printing Stored Scripts
  • Listing Stored Script Names
  • Deleting Stored Scripts
  • Executing a Stored Script at RMAN Startup
• Maintaining a Recovery Catalog
  • About Recovery Catalog Maintenance
  • Resynchronizing the Recovery Catalog
  • Updating the Recovery Catalog After Changing a DB_UNIQUE_NAME
  • Unregistering a Target Database from the Recovery Catalog
  • Resetting the Database Incarnation in the Recovery Catalog
  • Upgrading the Recovery Catalog
  • Importing and Moving a Recovery Catalog
• Dropping a Recovery Catalog

Part V Diagnosing and Responding to Failures

14 RMAN Data Repair Concepts

• Overview of RMAN Data Repair
  • About Problems Requiring Data Repair
  • About RMAN Data Repair Techniques
• About RMAN Restore Operations
  • About RMAN Backup Selection
  • About RMAN Restore Failover
  • About RMAN Restore Operations and ASM
  • About RMAN Restore Optimization
• About RMAN Media Recovery
  • About Selection of Incremental Backups and Archived Redo Logs
  • About Database Incarnations

15 Diagnosing and Repairing Failures with Data Recovery Advisor

• Overview of Data Recovery Advisor
  • Purpose of Data Recovery Advisor
  • Basic Concepts of Data Recovery Advisor
  • Basic Steps of Diagnosing and Repairing Failures
  • Diagnosing and Repairing Failures in CDBs
• Listing Failures
  • Listing All Failures
  • Listing a Subset of Failures
• Checking for Block Corruptions by Validating the Database
• Determining Repair Options
  • Determining Repair Options for All Failures
  • Determining Repair Options for a Subset of Failures
• Repairing Failures
  • About Repairing Failures
  • Repairing a Failure
• Changing Failure Status and Priority

16 Validating Database Files and Backups

• Overview of RMAN Validation
  • Purpose of RMAN Validation
  • Basic Concepts of RMAN Validation
• Checking for Block Corruption with the VALIDATE Command
• Validating Database Files with BACKUP VALIDATE
• Validating Backups Before Restoring Them
• Validating CDBs and PDBs
  • Validating a Whole CDB
  • Validating PDBs

17 Performing Complete Database Recovery

• Overview of Complete Database Recovery
  • Purpose of Complete Database Recovery
  • Scope of This Chapter
  • About Real-Time Redo Transport for Recovery Appliance
• Preparing for Complete Database Recovery
  • Identifying the Database Files to Restore or Recover
  • Determining the DBID of the Database
  • Previewing Backups Used in Restore Operations
  • Validating Backups Before Restoring Them
  • Restoring Archived Redo Logs Needed for Recovery
  • Providing the Password Required to Decrypt Encrypted Backups
• Performing Complete Database Recovery
  • About Complete Database Recovery
  • Performing Complete Recovery of the Whole Database
  • Performing Complete Recovery of a Tablespace
  • Performing Complete Recovery After Switching to a Copy
• Performing Complete Recovery of CDBs
  • Performing Complete Recovery of a Whole CDB
  • Performing Complete Recovery of the Root
  • Performing Complete Recovery of PDBs with RMAN
  • Performing Complete Recovery of PDBs with Cloud Control
  • Performing Complete Recovery of Tablespaces or Data Files in a PDB with RMAN
  • Performing Complete Recovery of Tablespaces in a PDB with Cloud Control
  • Performing Complete Recovering of CDBs After Switching to a Copy

18 Performing Flashback and Database Point-in-Time Recovery

• Overview of Oracle Flashback Technology and Database Point-in-Time Recovery
  • Purpose of Flashback and Database Point-in-Time Recovery
  • Basic Concepts of Point-in-Time Recovery and Flashback Features
• Rewinding a Table with Flashback Table
  • Prerequisites for Flashback Table
  • Performing a Flashback Table Operation
• Rewinding a DROP TABLE Operation with Flashback Drop
  • About Flashback Drop
  • Prerequisites of Flashback Drop
  • Performing a Flashback Drop Operation
• Rewinding a Database with Flashback Database
  • Prerequisites of Flashback Database
  • Performing a Flashback Database Operation
  • Performing Flashback Database Operations on a CDB When a PDB Was Recovered Using DBPITR
  • Monitoring Flashback Database
• Performing Database Point-in-Time Recovery
  • Prerequisites of Database Point-in-Time Recovery
  • Performing Database Point-in-Time Recovery
  • Performing Point-in-Time Recovery of CDBs and PDBs
• Flashback and Database Point-in-Time Recovery Scenarios
  • Rewinding an OPEN RESETLOGS Operation with Flashback Database
  • Rewinding the Database to an SCN in an Abandoned Incarnation Branch
  • Recovering the Database to an Ancestor Incarnation

19 Performing Block Media Recovery

• Overview of Block Media Recovery
  • Purpose of Block Media Recovery
  • Basic Concepts of Block Media Recovery
• Prerequisites for Block Media Recovery
• Recovering Individual Blocks
  • Recovering Individual Blocks Using the RECOVER...BLOCK Command
  • Example: Recovering Individual Blocks Using the Data Recovery Advisor
• Recovering All Blocks in V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION

20 Performing RMAN Recovery: Advanced Scenarios

• Recovering a NOARCHIVELOG Database with Incremental Backups
• Restoring the Server Parameter File
  • Restoring the Server Parameter File from a Control File Autobackup
  • Creating an Initialization Parameter File with RMAN
• Performing Recovery with a Backup Control File
  • About Recovery with a Backup Control File
  • Performing Recovery with a Backup Control File and No Recovery Catalog
• Performing Disaster Recovery
  • Prerequisites of Disaster Recovery
  • Recovering the Database After a Disaster
• Restoring a Database on a New Host
  • Preparing to Restore a Database on a New Host
  • Restoring Disk Backups to a New Host
  • Testing the Restore of a Database on a New Host
• Restoring Backups Created Using Older Versions of RMAN
• Restoring and Recovering Files Over the Network
  • About Restoring Files Over the Network
  • About Recovering Files Over the Network
  • Scenarios for Restoring and Recovering Files Over the Network
  • Restoring Data Files Over the Network
  • Rolling Forward a Physical Standby Database Using the RECOVER Command

21 Performing RMAN Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery (TSPITR)

• Overview of RMAN TSPITR
  • Purpose of RMAN TSPITR
  • Basic Concepts of RMAN TSPITR
• TSPITR Restrictions, Special Cases, and Limitations
  • Limitations of TSPITR
  • About Special Considerations When Not Using a Recovery Catalog
• Planning and Preparing for TSPITR
  • Step 1: Select the Right Target Time for TSPITR
  • Step 2: Determine the Recovery Set
  • Step 3: Identify and Preserve Objects That Are Lost After TSPITR
• Performing Fully Automated RMAN TSPITR
• Overriding Defaults for RMAN TSPITR with an RMAN-Managed Auxiliary Database
  • Renaming TSPITR Recovery Set Data Files with SET NEWNAME
  • Naming TSPITR Auxiliary Set Data Files
  • Using Image Copies for Faster RMAN TSPITR Performance
  • Customizing Initialization Parameters for the Automatic Auxiliary Database in TSPITR
• Performing RMAN TSPITR Using Your Own Auxiliary Database
  • Preparing Your Own Auxiliary Database for RMAN TSPITR
  • Preparing RMAN Commands for TSPITR with Your Own Auxiliary Database
  • Executing TSPITR with Your Own Auxiliary Database
  • Performing TSPITR with Your Own Auxiliary Database: Scenario
• Troubleshooting RMAN TSPITR
  • Troubleshooting File Name Conflicts During TSPITR
  • Troubleshooting the Identification of Tablespaces with Undo Segments During TSPITR
  • Troubleshooting the Restart of a Manual Auxiliary Database After TSPITR Failure

22 Recovering Tables and Table Partitions from RMAN Backups

• Overview of Recovering Tables and Table Partitions from RMAN Backups
  • Backups Required to Recover Tables and Table Partitions
  • Purpose of Recovering Tables and Table Partitions from RMAN Backups
  • Basic Concepts of Recovering Tables and Table Partitions from RMAN Backups
  • Limitations of Recovering Tables and Table Partitions from RMAN Backups
• Preparing to Recover Tables and Table Partitions
  • Prerequisites for Recovering Tables and Table Partitions from RMAN Backups
  • Determining the Point-in-time to Which Tables and Table Partitions Must be Recovered
• Recovering Tables and Table Partitions
• Recovering Tables and Table Partitions in PDBs
• Examples: Recovering Tables and Table Partitions From RMAN Backups
  • Example: Recovering Tables to a Specified Point in Time
  • Example: Recovering Table Partitions to a Specified Log Sequence Number

Part VI Tuning and Troubleshooting

23 Tuning RMAN Performance

• Purpose of RMAN Performance Tuning
• Basic Concepts of RMAN Performance Tuning
  • Read Phase
  • Copy Phase
  • Write Phase for System Backup Tape (SBT)
  • Write Phase for Disk
• Using V$ Views to Diagnose RMAN Performance Problems
  • Monitoring RMAN Job Progress with V$SESSION_LONGOPS
  • Identifying Bottlenecks with V$BACKUP_SYNC_IO and V$BACKUP_ASYNC_IO
• Tuning RMAN Backup Performance
  • Step 1: Remove the RATE Parameter from Channel Settings
  • Step 2: If You Use Synchronous Disk I/O, Set DBWR_IO_SLAVES
  • Step 3: If You Fail to Allocate Shared Memory, Set LARGE_POOL_SIZE
  • Step 4: Tune the Read, Write, and Copy Phases

24 Troubleshooting RMAN Operations

• Interpreting RMAN Message Output
  • Identifying Types of RMAN Message Output
  • Recognizing RMAN Error Message Stacks
  • Identifying RMAN Error Codes
  • Interpreting RMAN Error Stacks
  • Identifying RMAN Return Codes
• Using V$ Views for RMAN Troubleshooting
  • Monitoring RMAN Interaction with the Media Manager
  • Correlating Server Sessions with RMAN Channels
• Testing the Media Management API
  • Obtaining the sbttest Utility
  • Obtaining Online Documentation for the sbttest Utility
  • Using the sbttest Utility
• Terminating an RMAN Command
  • Terminating the Session with ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
  • Terminating the Session at the Operating System Level
  • Terminating an RMAN Session That Is Not Responding in the Media Manager

Part VII Transferring Data with RMAN

25 Duplicating a Database

• Overview of RMAN Database Duplication
  • Purpose of Database Duplication
  • Basic Concepts of Database Duplication
  • Basic Steps of Database Duplication
  • Duplicating CDBs
  • Duplicating PDBs
• Preparing to Duplicate a Database
  • Step 1: Choosing a Duplication Technique
  • Step 2: Choosing a Strategy for Naming Duplicate Files
  • Step 3: Installing the Oracle Database Software on the Destination Host
  • Step 4: Making Backups Accessible to the Duplicate Instance
  • Step 5: Preparing Remote Access to Databases
  • Step 6: Copying the Oracle Keystore to the Destination Host
  • Step 7: Creating an Initialization Parameter File and Starting the Auxiliary Instance
  • Step 8: Placing the Source Database in the Proper State
• Starting RMAN and Connecting to Databases
• Configuring RMAN Channels for Use in Duplication
  • Configuring Channels for Backup-Based Duplication
  • Configuring Channels for Active Database Duplication
• Duplicating a Database
  • Backup-Based Duplication Without a Target Connection: Example
  • Backup-Based Duplication with a Target Connection: Example
  • Backup-Based Duplication Without a Target or Recovery Catalog Connection: Example
• Restarting DUPLICATE After a Failure

26 Duplicating a Database: Advanced Topics

• Specifying Alternative Names for Duplicate Database Files
  • Specifying Non-OMF or Non-ASM Alternative Names for Duplicate Database Files
  • Specifying OMF or ASM Alternative Names for Duplicate Database Files
• Making Disk Backups Accessible Without Shared Disk
• Duplicating a Database When No Server Parameter File Exists
• Starting the Auxiliary Instance When No Server Parameter File Exists
• Duplicating a Subset of the Source Database Tablespaces
  • Excluding Specified Tablespaces During Database Duplication
  • Including Specified Tablespaces During Database Duplication

27 Creating Transportable Tablespace Sets

• Overview of Creating Transportable Tablespace Sets
  • Purpose of Creating Transportable Tablespace Sets
  • Basic Concepts of Transportable Tablespace Sets
  • Basic Steps of Creating Transportable Tablespace Sets
• Customizing Initialization Parameters for the Auxiliary Instance
  • About Setting Initialization Parameters for the RMAN Auxiliary Instance
  • Setting the Location of the Auxiliary Instance Parameter File
• Creating a Transportable Tablespace Set
• Troubleshooting the Creation of Transportable Tablespace Sets
• Transportable Tablespace Set Scenarios
  • Creating a Transportable Tablespace Set at a Specified Time or SCN
  • Specifying Locations for Data Pump Files
  • Specifying Auxiliary File Locations with Transportable Tablespaces

28 Transporting Data Across Platforms

• About Cross-Platform Data Transport
  • Purpose of Cross-Platform Data Transport
  • Methods of Transporting Data Across Platforms
  • Platforms that Support Cross-Platform Data Transport
• Overview of Cross-Platform Data Transport Using Image Copies
  • Overview of Tablespace and Data File Conversion Using Image Copies
  • Overview of Database Conversion Using Image Copies
• Performing Cross-Platform Tablespace Conversion with Image Copies
• Performing Cross-Platform Data File Conversion with Image Copies
  • About Renaming Output Files During RMAN Cross-Platform Data File Conversion
  • Performing Tablespace Transportation on the Destination Host Using RMAN CONVERT DATAFILE
• Performing Cross-Platform Database Conversion with Image Copies
  • Checking the Database Before Cross-Platform Database Conversion
  • Converting Data Files on the Source Host When Transporting a Database
  • Converting Data Files on the Destination Host When Transporting a Database
• Overview of Cross-Platform Data Transport Using Backup Sets
  • Basic Terms Used in Cross-Platform Data Transport Using Backup Sets
  • About Backing Up Data on the Source Database for Cross-Platform Data Transport
  • About the Data Pump Export Dump File Used for Cross-Platform Tablespace Transport
  • About Restoring Data on the Destination Host During Cross-Platform Data Transport
  • About Selecting Objects to Be Restored from Cross-Platform Backups
  • About Names and Locations for Restored Objects on the Destination Database
  • About Importing the Data Pump Export Dump File Created During Cross-Platform Tablespace Transport
• Performing Cross-Platform Database Transport with Backup Sets
  • Steps to Transport a Database to a Different Platform Using Backup Sets
• Performing Cross-Platform Transport of Read-Only Tablespaces Using Backup Sets
  • Steps to Transport Read-Only Tablespaces to a Different Platform Using Backup Sets
• Overview of Cross-Platform Transport of Tablespaces Using Inconsistent Backups
• Performing Cross-Platform Transport of Tablespaces Using Inconsistent Backups
  • Steps to Transport Inconsistent Tablespaces to a Different Platform
  • Example: Performing Cross-Platform Inconsistent Tablespace Transport Using Backup Sets
• Performing Cross-Platform Data Transport in CDBs and PDBs
  • Performing Cross-Platform Transport of a Whole CDB
  • Performing Cross-Platform Transport of PDBs
  • Performing Cross-Platform Transport of Tablespaces in a PDB

Part VIII Performing User-Managed Backup and Recovery

29 Making User-Managed Database Backups

• Querying V$ Views to Obtain Backup Information
  • Listing Database Files Before a Backup
  • Determining Data File Status for Online Tablespace Backups
• Making User-Managed Backups of the Whole Database
• Making User-Managed Backups of CDBs and PDBs
• Making User-Managed Backups of Tablespaces and Data Files
  • Making User-Managed Backups of Offline Tablespaces and Data Files
  • Making User-Managed Backups of Online Tablespaces and Data Files
• Making User-Managed Backups of Tablespaces in CDBs
  • Making User-Managed Backups of Offline Tablespaces and Data Files in CDBs
  • Making User-Managed Backups of Online Tablespaces in CDBs and PDBs
• Making User-Managed Backups of the Control File
  • Backing Up the Control File to a Binary File
  • Backing Up the Control File to a Trace File
• Making User-Managed Backups of Archived Redo Logs
• Making User-Managed Backups in SUSPEND Mode
  • About the Suspend/Resume Feature
  • Making Backups in a Suspended Database
• Making User-Managed Backups to Raw Devices
  • Backing Up to Raw Devices on Linux and UNIX
  • Backing Up to Raw Devices on Windows
• Making Backups with Third-Party Snapshot Technologies
• Verifying User-Managed Data File Backups
  • Testing the Restoration of Data File Backups
  • Running the DBVERIFY Utility

30 Performing User-Managed Database Flashback and Recovery

• Performing Flashback Database with SQL*Plus
• Overview of User-Managed Media Recovery
  • About User-Managed Restore and Recovery
  • Automatic Recovery with the RECOVER Command
  • Recovery When Archived Logs Are in the Default Location
  • Recovery When Archived Logs Are in a Nondefault Location
  • Recovery Using Storage Snapshot Optimization
  • Recovery Cancellation During User-Managed Recovery
  • Parallel Media Recovery
• Performing Complete Database Recovery Using SQL*Plus
  • Performing Closed Database Recovery
  • Performing Open Database Recovery
  • Performing Crash and Instance Recovery of CDBs
• Performing Incomplete Database Recovery
  • Performing Cancel-Based Incomplete Recovery
  • Performing Time-Based or Change-Based Incomplete Recovery
• Recovering a Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode
• Troubleshooting Media Recovery
  • About User-Managed Media Recovery Problems
  • Investigating the Media Recovery Problem: Phase 1
  • Trying to Fix the Recovery Problem Without Corrupting Blocks: Phase 2
  • Deciding Whether to Allow Recovery to Mark as Corrupt Blocks: Phase 3
  • Allowing Recovery to Corrupt Blocks: Phase 4
  • Performing Trial Recovery

31 Performing User-Managed Recovery: Advanced Scenarios

• Responding to the Loss of a Subset of the Current Control Files
  • Copying a Multiplexed Control File to a Default Location
  • Copying a Multiplexed Control File to a Nondefault Location
• Recovering After the Loss of All Current Control Files
  • Recovering with a Backup Control File in the Default Location
  • Recovering with a Backup Control File in a Nondefault Location
  • Recovering Through an Added Data File with a Backup Control File
  • Recovering Read-Only Tablespaces with a Backup Control File
• Re-Creating a Control File
  • Recovering Through a RESETLOGS with a Created Control File
  • Recovery of Read-Only Files with a Re-Created Control File
• Re-Creating Data Files When Backups Are Unavailable
• Recovering NOLOGGING Tables and Indexes
• Recovering Transportable Tablespaces
• Recovering After the Loss of Online Redo Log Files
  • Recovering After Losing a Member of a Multiplexed Online Redo Log Group
  • Recovering After Losing All Members of an Online Redo Log Group
• Recovering from a Dropped Table Without Using Flashback Features
• Dropping a Database with SQL*Plus

Glossary

Index