Review the following sections to check that you have the networking hardware and internet protocol (IP) addresses required for an Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster installation:
Broadcast Requirements for Networks Used by Oracle Grid Infrastructure
Multicast Requirements for Networks Used by Oracle Grid Infrastructure
Note:
For the most up-to-date information about supported network protocols and hardware for Oracle RAC installations, refer to the Certify pages on the My Oracle Support website. See Section 3.4, "Checking Hardware and Software Certification on My Oracle Support" for instructions.The following topics list of general requirements for network configuration on each node:
The host name of each node must use only the characters a-z, A-Z, 0-9, and the dash or minus sign (-). Host names using underscores (_) are not supported.
Each node must have at least two network adapters or network interface cards (NICs): one for the public network interface, and one for the private network interface, or the interconnect. Each network adapter has a network connection name.
Note:
Do not use the names PUBLIC and PRIVATE (all caps) for the public or private (interconnect) network connection names.Network adapters must be at least 1 GbE, with 10 GbE recommended.
If you plan to use Oracle ASM running in a different cluster for storage, then you must either have a third network adapter for accessing the ASM network, or use the same network adapter that is used for the private network interface.
The following is a list of requirements for the private network configuration:
The private network connection names must be different from the network connection names used for the public network.
The private network connection name cannot contain any multibyte language characters. The private network connection names are case-sensitive.
If you use OUI to install Oracle Grid Infrastructure, then the private network connection names associated with the private network adapters must be the same on all nodes.
For example, if you have a two-node cluster, and PrivNIC is the private network connection name for node1, then PrivNIC must be the private network connection name for node2.
For the private network, the network adapters must use high-speed network adapters and switches that support TCP/IP (minimum requirement is 1 Gigabit Ethernet, 10GbE recommended). Alternatively, use InfiniBand for the interconnect.
For the private network adapters, the endpoints of all designated network connection names must be completely reachable on the network. There should be no node that is not connected to every other node on the private network. You can test if an interconnect interface is reachable using ping.
The following is a list of requirements for the private network configuration:
The public network connection names must be different from the private network connection names.
Public network connection names are case-sensitive.
The public network connection name cannot contain any multibyte language characters.
If you use OUI to install Oracle Grid Infrastructure, then the public network connection names associated with the public network adapters for each network must be the same on all nodes.
For example, if you have a two-node cluster, you cannot configure network adapters on node1 with NIC1 as the public network connection name and on node2 have NIC2 as the public network connection name. Public network connection names must be the same, so you must configure NIC1 as the public network connection name on both nodes.
For the public network, each network adapter must support transmission control protocol and internet protocol (TCP/IP).
The network adapters must use high-speed network adapters and switches that support TCP/IP (minimum requirement is 1 Gigabit Ethernet, 10GbE recommended).
Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle RAC support the standard IPv6 address notations specified by RFC 2732 and global and site-local IPv6 addresses as defined by RFC 4193.Cluster member node interfaces can be configured to use IPv4, IPv6, or both types of Internet protocol addresses. However, be aware of the following:
Configuring public VIPs: During installation, you can configure VIPs for a given public network as IPv4 or IPv6 types of addresses. You can configure an IPv6 cluster by selecting VIP and SCAN names that resolve to addresses in an IPv6 subnet for the cluster, and selecting that subnet as public during installation. After installation, you can also configure cluster member nodes with a mixture of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
If you install using static virtual IP (VIP) addresses in an IPv4 cluster, then the VIP names you supply during installation should resolve only to IPv4 addresses. If you install using static IPv6 addresses, then the VIP names you supply during installation should resolve only to IPv6 addresses.
During installation, you cannot configure the cluster with VIP and SCAN names that resolve to both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. For example, you cannot configure VIPs and SCANS on some cluster member nodes to resolve to IPv4 addresses, and VIPs and SCANs on other cluster member nodes to resolve to IPv6 addresses. Oracle does not support this configuration.
Configuring private IP interfaces (interconnects): You must configure the private network as an IPv4 network. IPv6 addresses are not supported for the interconnect.
Redundant network interfaces: If you configure redundant network interfaces for a public or VIP node name, then configure both interfaces of a redundant pair to the same address protocol. Also ensure that private IP interfaces use the same IP protocol. Oracle does not support names using redundant interface configurations with mixed IP protocols. You must configure both network interfaces of a redundant pair with the same IP protocol.
GNS or Multi-cluster addresses: Oracle Grid Infrastructure supports IPv4 DHCP addresses, and IPv6 addresses configured with the Stateless Address Autoconfiguration protocol, as described in RFC 2462.
Note:
Link-local and site-local IPv6 addresses as defined in RFC 1884 are not supported.See Also:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2732.txt for RFC 2732, and information about IPv6 notational representation
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3513.txt for RFC 3513, and information about proper IPv6 addressing
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2462.txt for RFC 2462, and information about IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration protocol
Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide for more information about network communication and IP address protocol options
You can configure multiple network adapters for the public network interface.
Oracle recommends that you do not identify multiple public network connection names during Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation.
Use a third-party technology for your platform to aggregate the multiple public network adapters before you start installation.
During installation, select the single network connection name for the combined network adapters as the public interface.
If you configure two network adapters as public network adapters in the cluster without using an aggregation technology, the failure of one public network adapter on a node does not result in automatic VIP failover to the other public network adapter.
Microsoft Windows Server has many unique networking features. Some of these features require special configuration to enable Oracle software to run correctly on Windows Server.
Windows Media Sensing must be disabled for the private network adapters.
To disable Windows Media Sensing for TCP/IP, you must set the value of the DisableDHCPMediaSense parameter to 1 on each node. Because you must modify the Windows registry to disable Media Sensing, you should first backup the registry and confirm that you can restore it, using the methods described in your Windows documentation.
Backup the Windows registry.
Use Registry Editor to view the following key in the registry:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
Add a new DWORD value to the Parameters subkey:
Value Name: DisableDHCPMediaSense Value: 1
Exit the Registry Editor and restart the computer.
Repeat steps 1 through 4 on each node in your cluster.
In Windows Networking Properties, the public network connection on each node must be listed first in the bind order (the order in which network services access the node). The private network connection should be listed second.
Right click My Network Places and choose Properties.
In the Advanced menu, click Advanced Settings.
If the public network connection name is not the first name listed under the Adapters and Bindings tab, then select it and click the arrow to move it to the top of the list.
Click OK to save the settings and then exit the network setup dialog.
The names used for each class of network adapter (such as public) must be consistent across all nodes. You can use nondefault names for the network adapter, for example, PublicLAN, if the same names are used for the same class of network adapters on each node in the network.
To prevent Windows Server 2008 from potentially registering the wrong IP addresses for the node in DNS after a server restart, you must deconfigure the "Register this connection's addresses in DNS" option for the public network adapters.
Due to a change in functionality in the Windows Server 2008 operating system, the DNS client service registers all of the network connections of a computer in DNS. In earlier versions of Windows Server, only the DNS client service registered only the primary, or first, network adapter IP address in DNS.
Start the Windows Server Manager application.
Select View Network Connections.
Right-click the network adapter that provides the Public network interface and select Properties.
Select the Networking tab, and then select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4).
Note:
If you configure this setting in IPv4, then Windows automatically configures the same setting for IPv6.Click Properties.
On the General tab, click Advanced.
Select the DNS tab.
Deselect Register this connection's addresses in DNS.
See Also:
"Best Practices Analyzer for Domain Name System: Configuration" on Microsoft Technet, specificallyhttp://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff807401(v=ws.10).aspxAutomatic Metric is a new feature for Windows Server 2012 that automatically configures the metric for the local routes that are based on link speed. To prevent OUI from selecting the wrong network interface during installation, you must customize the metric values for the public and private network interfaces on Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2 systems.
The Automatic Metric feature is enabled by default, and it can also be manually configured to assign a specific metric. On Windows Server 2012, the public and private network interface for IPv4 use the Automatic Metric feature of Windows. When the Automatic Metric feature is enabled and using the default values, it can sometimes cause OUI to select the private network interface as the default public host name for the server when installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure.
In Control Panel, double-click Network Connections.
Right-click a network interface, and then click Properties.
Click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and then click Properties.
On the General tab, click Advanced.
To specify a metric, on the IP Settings tab, click to clear the Automatic metric check box.
In the Interface Metric field, set the public network interface metric to a lower value than the private network interface. For example, you might set the public network interface metric to 100 and the private network interface metric to 300.
For certain configurations of Oracle RAC in high load environments it is possible for the system to exhaust the available number of sockets. To avoid this problem, expand the dynamic port range for TCP/IP.
Open a command line window as an Administrator user.
Run the following command:
netsh int ipv4 set dynamicport tcp start=20000 num=40000
During installation, OUI copies the software from the local node to the remote nodes in the cluster. Verify that you have Administrator privileges on the other nodes in the cluster by running the following command on each node, where nodename is the name of the remote node:
net use \\nodename\C$
After installation, if your system does not use the net share shown in the above example, then you can remove the unused net share using the following command:
net use \\nodename\C$ /delete
The precise configuration you choose for your network depends on the size and use of the cluster you want to configure, and the level of availability you require.
If you access Oracle ASM remotely, or a certified Network-attached Storage (NAS) is used for Oracle RAC and this storage is connected through Ethernet-based networks, then you must have a third network interface for data communications. Failing to provide three separate network interfaces in this case can cause performance and stability problems under heavy system loads.
The Oracle Grid Naming Service (GNS) is used with large clusters to ease network administration costs.
For small clusters, you can use a static configuration of IP addresses. For large clusters, manually maintaining the large number of required IP addresses becomes too cumbersome.
IP Name and Address Requirements For Grid Naming Service (GNS)
Grid Naming Service for a Traditional Cluster Configuration Example
Configuring DNS for Domain Delegation to Grid Naming Service
Before starting the installation, you must have at least two interfaces configured on each node: One for the private IP address and one for the public IP address.
You can configure IP addresses for Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle RAC with one of the following options:
Dynamic IP address assignment using Multi-cluster or standard Oracle Grid Naming Service (GNS). If you select this option, then network administrators delegate a subdomain to be resolved by GNS (standard or multicluster). Requirements for GNS are different depending on whether you choose to configure GNS with zone delegation (resolution of a domain delegated to GNS), or without zone delegation (a GNS virtual IP address without domain delegation):
For IPv4, a DHCP service running on the public network the cluster uses
For IPv6, an autoconfiguration service running on the public network the cluster uses
Enough DHCP addresses to provide 1 IP address for each node, and 3 IP addresses for the cluster used by the Single Client Access Name (SCAN) for the cluster
Use an existing GNS configuration. Starting with Oracle Grid Infrastructure12c Release 1 (12.1), a single GNS instance can be used by multiple clusters. To use GNS for multiple clusters, the DNS administrator must have delegated a zone for use by GNS. Also, there must be an instance of GNS started somewhere on the network and the GNS instance must be accessible (not blocked by a firewall). All of the node names registered with the GNS instance must be unique.
Static IP address assignment using DNS or host file resolution. If you select this option, then network administrators assign a fixed IP address for each physical host name in the cluster and for IPs for the Oracle Clusterware managed VIPs. In addition, domain name system (DNS)-based static name resolution is used for each node, or host files for both the clusters and clients have to be updated, and SCAN functionality is limited. Selecting this option requires that you request network administration updates when you modify the cluster.
Note:
For clusters using single interfaces for private networks, each node's private interface for interconnects must be on the same subnet, and that subnet must connect to every node of the cluster. For example, if the private interfaces have a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, then your private network is in the range 192.168.0.0--192.168.0.255, and your private addresses must be in the range of 192.168.0.[0-255]. If the private interfaces have a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0, then your private addresses can be in the range of 192.168.[0-255].[0-255].
During installation, you are prompted to confirm the default Single Client Access Name (SCAN), which is used to connect to databases within the cluster irrespective of which nodes the database instances run on. If you change the SCAN from the default, then the name that you use must be globally unique throughout your enterprise.
The cluster name must be unique across your enterprise, must be at least one character long and no more than 15 characters in length, must be alphanumeric, cannot begin with a numeral, and may contain hyphens (-). Underscore characters (_) are not allowed.
If you configure a Standard cluster, and choose a Typical install, then the SCAN is also the name of the cluster. In that case, the SCAN must meet the requirements for a cluster name. The SCAN can be no longer than 15 characters.
In an Advanced installation, the SCAN and cluster name are entered in separate fields during installation, so cluster name requirements do not apply to the name used for the SCAN. The SCAN can be longer than 15 characters. If you enter a domain with the SCAN name, and you want to use GNS with zone delegation, then the domain must be the GNS domain.
Caution:
Select your name carefully. After installation, you can only change the cluster name by reinstalling Oracle Grid Infrastructure.The network administration must configure the domain name server (DNS) to delegate resolution requests for cluster names (any names in the subdomain delegated to the cluster) to the GNS.
If you enable Grid Naming Service (GNS), then name resolution requests to the cluster are delegated to the GNS, which listens on the GNS VIP address. When a request comes to the domain, GNS processes the requests and responds with the appropriate addresses for the name requested. To use GNS, you must specify a static IP address for the GNS VIP address.
Note:
You cannot use GNS with another multicast DNS. To use GNS, disable any third party mDNS daemons on your system.See Also:
Section 4.2.8.2, "Configuring DNS for Domain Delegation to Grid Naming Service" for information on how to configure DNS delegationReview the following requirements for using Multi-cluster GNS:
The general requirements for Multi-cluster GNS are similar to those for standard GNS. Multi-cluster GNS differs from standard GNS in that Multi-cluster GNS provides a single networking service across a set of clusters, rather than a networking service for a single cluster.
To provide networking service, Multi-cluster GNS is configured using DHCP addresses, and name advertisement and resolution is carried out with the following components:
The GNS Server cluster performs address resolution for GNS Client clusters. A GNS Server cluster is the cluster where Multi-cluster GNS runs, and where name resolution takes place for the subdomain delegated to the set of clusters.
GNS Client clusters receive address resolution from the GNS Server cluster. A GNS Client cluster is a cluster that advertises its cluster member node names using the GNS Server cluster.
To use this option, your network administrators must have delegated a subdomain to GNS for resolution.
Before installation, create a static IP address for the GNS VIP address.
Provide a subdomain that your DNS servers delegate to that static GNS IP address for resolution.
To configure a GNS Client cluster, check to ensure all of the following requirements are completed:
A GNS Server instance must be running on your network, and it must be accessible (for example, not blocked by a firewall)
All of the node names in the GNS domain must be unique; address ranges and cluster names must be unique for both GNS Server and GNS Client clusters.
You must have a GNS Client data file that you generated on the GNS Server cluster, so that the GNS Client cluster has the information needed to delegate its name resolution to the GNS Server cluster, and you must have copied that file to the GNS Client cluster member node on which you run the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation.
On a GNS Server cluster member, run the following command, where path_to_file is the name and path location of the GNS Client data file you create:
srvctl export gns -clientdata path_to_file
For example:
C:\> srvctl export gns -clientdata C:\Users\grid\gns_client_data
Copy the GNS Client data file to a secure path on the GNS Client node where you run the GNS Client cluster installation. The Oracle Installation user must have permissions to access that file. Oracle recommends that no other user is granted permissions to access the GNS Client data file.
During installation, you are prompted to provide a path to that file.
After you have completed the GNS Client cluster installation, you must run the following command on one of the GNS Server cluster members to start GNS service, where path_to_file is the name and path location of the GNS Client data file:
srvctl add gns -clientdata path_to_file
For example:
C:\> srvctl add gns -clientdata C:\Users\grid\gns_client_data
See Also:
Oracle Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide for more information about GNS Server and GNS Client administrationIf you do not enable GNS, then the public and VIP addresses for each node must be static IP addresses. Public, VIP and SCAN addresses must be on the same subnet.
IP addresses on the subnet you identify as private are assigned as private IP addresses for cluster member nodes. Oracle Clusterware manages private IP addresses in the private subnet. You do not have to configure these addresses manually in a hosts file.
The cluster must have the following addresses configured:
A public IP address for each node configured before installation, and resolvable to that node before installation
A VIP address for each node configured before installation, but not currently in use
Three static IP addresses configured on the domain name server (DNS) before installation so that the three IP addresses are associated with the name provided as the SCAN, and all three addresses are returned in random order by the DNS to the requestor. These addresses must be configured before installation in the DNS to resolve to addresses that are not currently in use. The SCAN name must meet the requirements specified in Section 4.2.2, "Cluster Name and SCAN Requirements."
A private IP address for each node configured before installation, but on a separate, private network, with its own subnet. The IP address should not be resolvable except by other cluster member nodes.
A set of one or more networks over which Oracle ASM serves its clients. The ASM network does not have to be a physical network; it can be a virtual network. The ASM network must use either a third NIC, or share a private network adapter. The NIC can be a virtual NIC.
Note:
Oracle strongly recommends that you do not configure SCAN VIP addresses in thehosts file. Use DNS resolution for SCAN VIPs. If you use the hosts file to resolve SCANs, then you will only be able to resolve to one IP address and you will have only one SCAN address.
Configuring SCANs in a DNS or a hosts file is the only supported configuration. Configuring SCANs in a Network Information Service (NIS) is not supported.
See Also:
Section C.3, "Understanding Network Addresses"for more information about network addressesYou can use the nslookup command to confirm that the DNS is correctly associating the SCAN with the addresses.
After installation, when a client sends a request to the cluster, the Oracle Clusterware SCAN listeners redirect client requests to servers in the cluster.
At a command prompt, use the nslookup command and specify the name of the SCAN for your cluster. For example:
C:\> nslookup mycluster-scan Server: dns3.example.com Address: 192.0.2.001 Name: mycluster-scan.example.com Address: 192.0.2.201 Name: mycluster-scan.example.com Address: 192.0.2.202 Name: mycluster-scan.example.com Address: 192.0.2.203
To use GNS, you must specify a static IP address for the GNS VIP address, and you must have a subdomain configured on your domain name servers (DNS) to delegate resolution for that subdomain to the static GNS IP address.
As nodes are added to the cluster, your organization's DHCP server can provide addresses for these nodes dynamically. These addresses are then registered automatically in GNS, and GNS provides resolution within the subdomain to cluster node addresses registered with GNS.
Because allocation and configuration of addresses is performed automatically with GNS, no further configuration is required. Oracle Clusterware provides dynamic network configuration as nodes are added to or removed from the cluster. The following example is provided only for information.
Assuming a two node cluster where you have defined the GNS VIP, after installation you might have a configuration similar to that shown in Table 4-1, where the cluster name is mycluster, the GNS parent domain is gns.example.com, the subdomain is cluster01.example.com, the 192.0.2 portion of the IP addresses represents the cluster public IP address subdomain, and 192.168.0 represents the private IP address subdomain.
Table 4-1 Example of a Grid Naming Service Network Configuration
| Identity | Home Node | Host Node | Given Name | Type | Address | Address Assigned By | Resolved By |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
GNS VIP |
None |
Selected by Oracle Clusterware |
|
Virtual |
192.0.2.1 |
Fixed by network administrator |
DNS |
|
Node 1 Public |
Node 1 |
|
|
Public |
192.0.2.101 |
Fixed |
GNS |
|
Node 1 VIP |
Node 1 |
Selected by Oracle Clusterware |
|
Virtual |
192.0.2.104 |
DHCP |
GNS |
|
Node 1 Private |
Node 1 |
|
|
Private |
192.168.0.1 |
Fixed or DHCP |
GNS |
|
Node 2 Public |
Node 2 |
|
|
Public |
192.0.2.102 |
Fixed |
GNS |
|
Node 2 VIP |
Node 2 |
Selected by Oracle Clusterware |
|
Virtual |
192.0.2.105 |
DHCP |
GNS |
|
Node 2 Private |
Node 2 |
|
|
Private |
192.168.0.2 |
Fixed or DHCP |
GNS |
|
SCAN VIP 1 |
none |
Selected by Oracle Clusterware |
|
Virtual |
192.0.2.201 |
DHCP |
GNS |
|
SCAN VIP 2 |
none |
Selected by Oracle Clusterware |
|
Virtual |
192.0.2.202 |
DHCP |
GNS |
|
SCAN VIP 3 |
none |
Selected by Oracle Clusterware |
|
Virtual |
192.0.2.203 |
DHCP |
GNS |
Footnote 1 Node host names may resolve to multiple addresses, including VIP addresses currently running on that host.
If you are configuring Grid Naming Service (GNS) for a standard cluster, then before installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure you must configure DNS to send to GNS any name resolution requests for the subdomain served by GNS. The subdomain that GNS serves represents the cluster member nodes.
To implement GNS, your network administrator must configure the DNS to set up a domain for the cluster, and delegate resolution of that domain to the GNS VIP. You can use a separate domain, or you can create a subdomain of an existing domain for the cluster. The subdomain name, can be any supported DNS name such as sales-cluster.rac.com.
Oracle recommends that the subdomain name be distinct from your corporate domain. For example, if your corporate domain is mycorp.example.com, the subdomain for GNS might be rac-gns.com.
If the subdomain is not distinct, then it should be for the exclusive use of GNS. For example, if you delegate the subdomain mydomain.example.com to GNS, then there should be no other domains that share it such as lab1.mydomain.example.com.
See Also:
Oracle Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide for more information about GNS
Section 4.2.2, "Cluster Name and SCAN Requirements" for information about choosing network identification names
You must configure the DNS to send GNS name resolution requests using DNS forwarders. If the DNS server is running on a Windows server that you administer, then the following steps must be performed to configure DNS:
Click Start, then select Programs. Select Administrative Tools and then click DNS manager. The DNS server configuration wizard starts automatically.
Use the wizard to create an entry for the GNS virtual IP address, where the address is a valid DNS name. For example, if the cluster name is mycluster, and the domain name is example.com, and the IP address is 192.0.2.1, you could create an entry similar to the following:
mycluster-gns-vip.example.com: 192.0.2.1
The address you provide must be routable.
Note:
The domain name may not contain underscores. Windows may allow the use of underscore characters, but this practice violates the Internet Engineering Task Force RFC 952 standard and is not supported by Oracle.To configure DNS forwarders, click Start, select Administrative Tools, and then select DNS.
Right-click ServerName, where ServerName is the name of the server, and then click the Forwarders tab.
Click New, then type the name of the DNS domain for which you want to forward queries in the DNS domain box, for example, clusterdomain.example.com. Click OK.
In the selected domain's forwarder IP address box, type the GNS VIP address, and then click Add.
Click OK to exit.
If the DNS server is running on a different operating system, then refer to the Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for that platform, or your operating system documentation.
Note:
Experienced DNS administrators may want to create a reverse lookup zone to enable resolution of reverse lookups. A reverse lookup resolves an IP address to a host name with a Pointer Resource (PTR) record. If you have reverse DNS zones configured, then you can automatically create associated reverse records when you create your original forward record.If you choose not to use GNS, then before installation you must configure public, virtual, and private IP addresses. Also, check that the default gateway can be accessed by a ping command. To find the default gateway, use the ipconfig command, as described in your operating system's help utility.
For example, with a two node cluster where the cluster name is mycluster, and each node has one public and one private interface, and you have defined a SCAN domain address to resolve on your DNS to one of three IP addresses, you might have the configuration shown in Table 4-2 for your network interfaces.
Table 4-2 Manual Network Configuration Example
| Identity | Home Node | Host Node | Given Name | Type | Address | Address Assigned By | Resolved By |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Node 1 Public |
Node 1 |
|
|
Public |
192.0.2.101 |
Fixed |
DNS |
|
Node 1 VIP |
Node 1 |
Selected by Oracle Clusterware |
|
Virtual |
192.0.2.104 |
Fixed |
DNS, hosts file |
|
Node 1 Private |
Node 1 |
|
|
Private |
192.168.0.1 |
Fixed |
DNS, hosts file, or none |
|
Node 2 Public |
Node 2 |
|
|
Public |
192.0.2.102 |
Fixed |
DNS |
|
Node 2 VIP |
Node 2 |
Selected by Oracle Clusterware |
|
Virtual |
192.0.2.105 |
Fixed |
DNS, hosts file |
|
Node 2 Private |
Node 2 |
|
|
Private |
192.168.0.2 |
Fixed |
DNS, hosts file, or none |
|
SCAN VIP 1 |
none |
Selected by Oracle Clusterware |
|
Virtual |
192.0.2.201 |
Fixed |
DNS |
|
SCAN VIP 2 |
none |
Selected by Oracle Clusterware |
|
Virtual |
192.0.2.202 |
Fixed |
DNS |
|
SCAN VIP 3 |
none |
Selected by Oracle Clusterware |
|
Virtual |
192.0.2.203 |
Fixed |
DNS |
Footnote 1 Node host names may resolve to multiple addresses.
You do not have to provide a private name for the interconnect. If you want name resolution for the interconnect, then you can configure private IP names in the system hosts file or DNS. However, Oracle Clusterware assigns interconnect addresses on the interface defined during installation as the private interface (Local Area Connection 2, for example), and to the subnet used for the private subnet.
The addresses to which the SCAN resolves are assigned by Oracle Clusterware, so they are not fixed to a particular node. To enable VIP failover, the configuration shown in Table 4-2 defines the SCAN addresses and the public and VIP addresses of both nodes on the same subnet, 192.0.2.
Note:
All host names must conform to the Internet Engineering Task Force RFC 952 standard, which permits alphanumeric characters. Host names using underscores ("_") are not allowed.During installation, you are asked to identify the planned use for each network adapter (or network interface) that Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) detects on your cluster node. Each NIC performs only one of the following roles:
Public
Private
Do Not Use
You must use the same private adapters for both Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC. The precise configuration you choose for your network depends on the size and use of the cluster you want to configure, and the level of availability you require. Network interfaces must be at least 1 GbE, with 10 GbE recommended.
For network adapters that you plan to use for other purposes–for example, an adapter dedicated to a non-Oracle network file system–you must identify those network adapters as "do not use" adapters so that Oracle Clusterware ignores them.
If certified Network-attached Storage (NAS) is used for Oracle RAC and this storage is connected through Ethernet-based networks, then you must have a third network interface for NAS I/O. Failing to provide three separate interfaces in this case can cause performance and stability problems under load.
Broadcast communications (address resolution protocol (ARP) must work properly across all the public and private interfaces configured for use by Oracle Grid Infrastructure. The broadcast communications must work across any configured virtual local area networks (VLANs) that the public or private network interfaces uses.
On each cluster member node the Oracle multicast DNS (mDNS) daemon uses multicasting on all network interfaces to communicate with other nodes in the cluster.
Multicasting is required on the private interconnect. For this reason, at a minimum, you must enable multicasting for the cluster for the following:
Across the broadcast domain as defined for the private interconnect
On the IP address subnet ranges 224.0.0.0/24 and 230.0.1.0/24
You do not need to enable multicast communications across routers.