Index

A B C D E F G H I J L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Symbols

#include

file inclusion, Pro*C compared to C, 5.4.1

A

abnormal termination

automatic rollback, E.15

active set

changing, 6.5.2, 6.5.3

cursor movement through, 6.5.3

definition of, 2.1.9

how identified, 6.5

if empty, 6.5.3

when fetched from, 6.5.3

when no longer defined, 6.5

ALLOCATE

allocating a cursor variable, 4.5.2

ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR statement, 14.5.1, E.5

ALLOCATE SQL statement, 17.4.2

ALLOCATE SQL statements, E.4

allocating

cursor variables, 4.5.2

cursors, E.4

thread context, 11.4.2.2, E.17

ANSI C Support, D.1.3

ANSI dynamic SQL, F.1

reference semantics, 14.3.1

B

batch fetch

advantage of, 8.4.1

example of, 8.4.1

number of rows returned by, 8.4.3

BFILES, 16.1.2

security, 16.1.3

bind descriptor, 13.10.1, 15.2.1, 15.2.1

definition of, 13.10.1

information in, 13.10.2

bind SQLDA

purpose of, 15.1.3

bind variables

input host variables, 13.10.1

binding

definition of, 13.5

BREAK action

of WHENEVER, E.78

Byte Ordering, D.1.6

C

C preprocessor

directives supported by Pro*C, 5.4

how used in Pro*C, 5.4

C structs

generating for a REF, 17.13.1

using, 17.12

C types of collection attributes, 18.4.6

C variable in SQLDA

how value is set, 15.3.9

purpose of, 15.3.9

C++, 1.8.5

C++ applications, 12

cache, 17.3

CACHE FREE ALL SQL statement, 17.4.4

CACHE FREE ALL statement, E.6

CALL SQL statement, E.7

CALL statement, 7.7.2.3

example, 7.7.2.4

CASE OTT parameter, 19.5.2.10

case sensitivity

in precompiler options, 10.1.1

CHAR datatype, 4.1.2.17

CHAR_MAP precompiler option, 5.1.1, 10.5.2

character data, 5.1

character strings

multibyte, 4.11.4

CHARF datatype, 4.1.2.19, 5.3.3

CHARZ datatype, 4.1.2.18

CLOSE CURSOR statement, 14.5.13

CLOSE SQL statements, E.8

CLOSE statement

dependence on precompiler options, 6.5.4

example, 6.5.4, E.8

purpose of, 6.5, 6.5.4

use in dynamic SQL method 4, 15.6.18

CLOSE_ON_COMMIT

precompiler option, 3.6.2, 6.5.1, 10.5.4

CLOSE_ON_COMMIT precompiler option, 10.5.4

closing

cursors, E.8

CODE

precompiler option, 12.2.1

CODE option, 10.2.7.2

CODE OTT parameter, 19.5.2.4

code page, 4.10

CODE precompiler option, 10.5.8, 10.5.8

coding conventions, 2.3

COLLECT GET statement

example, 18.5.2

COLLECTION APPEND, E.9

COLLECTION APPEND statement, 18.4.4

SQL statements

COLLECTION APPEND, E.9

COLLECTION DESCRIBE

example, 18.5.3

COLLECTION DESCRIBE statement, 18.4.6

SQL statements

COLLECTION DESCRIBE, E.10

COLLECTION GET statement, 18.4.1

SQL statements

COLLECTION GET, E.11

collection object types

handling, 18.2.2

COLLECTION RESET statement, 18.4.3

example, 18.5.4

SQL statements

COLLECTION RESET, E.12

COLLECTION SET statement, 18.4.2

example, 18.5.2

SQL statements

COLLECTION SET, E.13

COLLECTION TRIM statement, 18.4.5

SQL statements

COLLECTION TRIM, E.14

collection types

structs for, 18.2

collections

and C, 18.1.3

autonomous access, 18.2.2.1

descriptors, 18.2

element access, 18.2.2.2

manipulating, 18.2.2

nested tables, 18.1.1

OBJECT GET statement, 18.3

OBJECT SET statement, 18.3

VARRAYs, 18.1.2

column list

in INSERT statements, 6.3.2

when permissible to omit, 6.3.2

COMMENT clause

of COMMIT statement, E.15

comments

ANSI, 2.3.1

which allowed, 2.3.1

Comments

restrictions in PL/SQL block, 13.12.4

commit

automatic, 3.5

explicit versus implicit, 3.5

function of, 3.4

COMMIT

signal handler single thread limitation, 9.2

COMMIT SQL statement, E.15

COMMIT statement, 3.6

effect of, 3.6

ending a transaction, E.71

example of, 3.6

examples, E.15

purpose of, 3.6

RELEASE option in, 3.6

using in a PL/SQL block, 3.14.3

where to place, 3.6

committing

transactions, E.15

communicating over a network, 3.2.1

COMP_CHARSET precompiler option, 10.5.9, 10.5.10, 10.5.10

compiling, 2.6

specifying include file locations, 5.4.7

concurrency

definition of, 3.3

concurrent connections, 3.2.2

conditional precompilation, 2.4

defining symbols, 5.6.1

example, 2.4.2, 5.6.2

CONFIG OTT parameter, 19.5.2.8

CONFIG precompiler option, 10.5.3, 10.5.5, 10.5.6, 10.5.7, 10.5.11, 10.5.11, 10.5.12, 10.5.14

configuration files, 10.2.2, 10.2.7.1

and the Object Type Translator, 19.2.2

location, 10.2.2, 10.2.7.1

system, 10.2.3

user, 10.2.3

CONNECT statement, E.16, E.16

AT clause in, 3.2.4.1

connecting to Oracle with, 3.1

examples, E.16

requirements for, 3.1

USING clause in, 3.2.4.1

using to enable a semantic check, C.3.1.1

connecting to Oracle, 3.1

automatic connections, 3.1.3

concurrently, 3.2.2

example of, 3.1

using Oracle Net, 3.2.2

connection pooling, 11.6

demo program1, 11.6.2

demo program2, 11.6.3

example, 11.6.3.3

using, 11.6.1

connections

concurrent, 3.2.4.2

default versus nondefault, 3.2.3

Explicit connections, 3.2.4

implicit, 3.2.5

naming of, 3.2.4

const

declaring constants, 5.7.2

CONTEXT ALLOCATE SQL statement, E.17

CONTEXT ALLOCATE statement, 11.4.2.2

context block

definition of, 20.4.1

CONTEXT FREE statement, 11.4.2.4, E.18

CONTEXT OBJECT OPTION GET SQL statement, 17.7.2

CONTEXT OBJECT OPTION SET SQL statement, 17.7.1

CONTEXT USE directive, 11.4.2.3

CONTEXT USE SQL directive, E.21

CONTEXT USE SQL statement, 11.4.2.3

CONTINUE action

in the WHENEVER statement, 9.9.2.1

of WHENEVER directive, E.78, E.78

result of, 9.9.2.1

CONVBUFSZ clause, 4.11.3

CPP_SUFFIX

precompiler option, 12.2.3

CPP_SUFFIX precompiler option, 10.5.13

CPP_SUFFIX precompiler options, 10.5.13

CREATE PROCEDURE statement

embedded, 7.7.1

creating

savepoints, E.72

creating temporary LOB, 16.4.5

CURRENT OF clause, 8.3.3

example of, 6.9

mimicking with ROWID, 3.12, 8.11

purpose of, 6.9

restrictions on, 6.9.1

current row

definition of, 2.1.9

using FETCH to retrieve, 6.5

cursor cache

definition of, 9.11.4

purpose of, B.9.2.1

cursor control statements

example of typical sequence, 6.10

cursor operations

overview of, 6.5

cursor variables, 4.5, E.4

allocating, 4.5.2

declaring, 4.5.1

restrictions on, 4.5.6

cursors, 2.5.1.1, 4.5

allocating, E.4

allocating a cursor variable, 4.5.2

analogy for, 2.1.9

association with queries, 6.5

closing, E.8

declaring, 6.5.1

definition of, 2.1.9

explicit versus implicit, 2.1.9

fetching rows from, E.36, E.37

for multirow queries, 6.5

how handling affects performance, B.9.1

movement through active set, 6.5.3

opening, E.67, E.68

purpose of, 6.5

reopening, 6.5.2, 6.5.3

restrictions on declaring, 6.5.1

rules for naming, 6.5.1

scope of, 6.5.1

scrollable cursors, 6.6

statements for manipulating, 6.5

types of, 2.1.9

using more than one, 6.5.1

D

data definition language

in transactions, 3.5

data integrity, 3.2.4.3

definition of, 3.3

data locks, 3.3

database link

creating synonym for, 3.2.5.1

defining, 3.2.5.1

example using, 3.2.5.1

using in INSERT statement, E.40

where stored, 3.2.5.1

database types

new, 17.15

databases

naming, 3.2.3

datatype equivalencing, 2.1.8

datatypes

ANSI DATE, 4.1.3.2

codes used in descriptors, 15.4.2

coercing NUMBER to VARCHAR2, 15.4.2

conversions, 5.2, 5.2

dealing with ORACLE internal, 15.4.2

equivalencing, 5.3

equivalencing, purpose of, 2.1.8

internal, 4.1.1

internal versus external, 2.1.6

INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND, 4.1.3.7

INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH, 4.1.3.6

list of internal, 15.4.1.1

need to coerce, 15.4.2

Oracle, 2.1.6

OTT mappings, 19.2.5

restrictions on using, 17.16

TIMESTAMP, 4.1.3.3

TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE, 4.1.3.5

TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE, 4.1.3.4

user-defined type equivalencing, E.75

when to reset, 15.4.2

DATE datatype, 4.1.2.10

DATE, ANSI

datatype, 4.1.3.2

datetime

avoiding unexpected results, 4.1.3.8

DBMS interaction with MODE, 10.5.16

DBMS option, 5.3.3, 10.2.7.3

DBMS precompiler option, 10.5.15, 10.5.16, 10.5.16

deadlock

definition of, 3.3

effect on transactions, 3.8.1

how broken, 3.8.1

DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR statement, 14.5.2, E.22

declaration

of cursors, 6.5.1

of host arrays, 8.2

of pointer variables, 4.9.1

of SQLCA, 9.7.1

declarative SQL statements

in transactions, 3.5

DECLARE CURSOR directives

examples, E.23

DECLARE CURSOR statement, 14.5.10

AT clause in, 3.2.4.1.3

use in dynamic SQL method 4, 15.6.7

DECLARE DATABASE SQL directives, E.24

Declare Section

allowable statements, 2.3.3

form, 2.3.3

purpose, 2.3.3

required when MODE=ANSI, 10.5.37

requirements, 2.3.3

rules for defining, 2.3.3

when MODE=ANSI, 5.3.4

when required, 2.3.3, 4.2.1

DECLARE statement, 6.5.1

example of, 6.5.1

purpose of, 6.5

required placement of, 6.5.1

scope of, E.25

use in dynamic SQL method 3, 13.9.2

DECLARE STATEMENT directive, E.25

DECLARE STATEMENT statement

AT clause in, 3.2.4.1.4

example of using, 13.11

using with dynamic SQL, 13.11

when required, 13.11

DECLARE statements

examples, E.25

DECLARE TABLE directive

examples, E.26

using with the SQLCHECK option, C.3.1.2

DECLARE TABLE SQL directive, E.26

DECLARE TABLE statement

need for with AT clause, 3.2.4.1.1

DECLARE TYPE directive, E.27

DEF_SQLCODE precompiler option, 10.5.17

default connections, 3.2.3

default database, 3.2.3

default file name extensions, 19.5.7

DEFINE precompiler option, 10.5.18

used in application migration, 5.4.9

defining symbols, 2.4.1

DELETE SQL statement, E.28

DELETE statement

embedded SQL examples, E.28

example of, 6.3.4

purpose of, 6.3.4

using host arrays in, 8.7

WHERE clause in, 6.3.4

delimiters

C versus SQL, 2.3.4

DEPT table, 2.7

DESCRIBE BIND VARIABLES statement

use in dynamic SQL method 4, 15.6.8

DESCRIBE command

use with PREPARE command, E.29

DESCRIBE DESCRIPTOR statement, E.30

DESCRIBE INPUT statement, 14.5.6

DESCRIBE OUTPUT statement, 14.5.7

DESCRIBE SELECT LIST statement

use in dynamic SQL method 4, 15.6.12

DESCRIBE SQL statement, E.29

DESCRIBE statement

examples, E.29

use in dynamic SQL Method 4, 13.10.1

descriptions of collection attributes, 18.4.6

descriptors, 15.2.1

bind descriptor, 13.10.1

definition of, 13.10

need for, 15.2.1

select descriptor, 13.10.1

using the sqlald() function to allocate, 15.2.4

using the sqlclu() function to deallocate, 15.6.17

determining current value of precompiler options, 10.2.3

directory structures, 1.6

distributed processing

support for, 3.2.2

using Oracle Net for, 3.2.2

distributed transactions, E.71

DML returning clauses, 6.4

DO action

in the WHENEVER statement, 9.9.2.2

of WHENEVER directive, E.78

result of, 9.9.2.2

.dsp files, F.4

DTP model, 5.12

dummy host variables

placeholders, 13.4

DURATION precompiler option, 10.5.20, 17.8.2

Dynamic Link Libraries (DLLs), 1.7

dynamic PL/SQL

rules for, 13.12

versus dynamic SQL, 13.12

dynamic SQL

advantages and disadvantages of, 13.2

cannot use cursor variables with, 4.5.6

choosing the right method, 13.6.5

definition of, 2.1.3

guidelines for, 13.6.5

method 1, F.1

method 2, F.1

method 3, F.1, F.1

method 4, F.1

overview of, 13.1

restriction on, 6.9.1

restrictions on use of datatypes, 17.16

restrictions on using datatypes in, 17.16

use of PL/SQL with, 7.9

uses for, 13.2

using the AT clause in, 3.2.4.1.4

when to use, 13.3

dynamic SQL (ANSI)

basics, 14.1

bulk operations, 14.3.2

differences from Oracle dynamic, 14.5.14

Oracle extensions, 14.3

Overview, 14.2

precompiler options, 14.4

Precompiler Options, 14.1.1

reference semantics, 14.3.1

sample program, 14.6.2

sample programs, 14.6

dynamic SQL method 1

commands used with, 13.6.1

description of, 13.7

example of, 13.7.1

how to use, 13.7

requirements for, 13.6.1

use of EXECUTE IMMEDIATE with, 13.7

use of PL/SQL with, 13.12.1

dynamic SQL method 2

commands used with, 13.6.2

description of, 13.8

example of, 13.8.2

requirements for, 13.6.2

use of DECLARE STATEMENT with, 13.11

use of EXECUTE with, 13.8

use of PL/SQL with, 13.12.2

use of PREPARE with, 13.8

dynamic SQL method 3

commands used with, 13.6.3

compared to method 2, 13.9

example program, 13.9.6

requirements for, 13.6.3

sequence of statements used with, 13.9

use of DECLARE STATEMENT with, 13.11

use of DECLARE with, 13.9.2

use of FETCH with, 13.9.4

use of OPEN with, 13.9.3

use of PL/SQL with, 13.12.3

use of PREPARE with, 13.9.1

dynamic SQL method 4

need for descriptors with, 15.2.1

overview of, 13.10.1

prerequisites for using, 15.4

requirements for, 13.6.4

requirements of, 15.1.1

sample program, 15.7

sequence of statements used with, 13.10.4, 15.6

steps for, 15.5

use of CLOSE statement in, 15.6.18

use of DECLARE CURSOR statement in, 15.6.7

use of DECLARE STATEMENT with, 13.11

use of DESCR, 13.10.1

use of DESCRIBE statement in, 15.6.8, 15.6.12

use of descriptors with, 13.10

use of FETCH statement in, 15.6.15

use of OPEN statement in, 15.6.11

use of PL/SQL with, 13.12.4

use of PREPARE statement in, 15.6.6

use of the SQLDA in, 13.10.1, 15.2.1

using host arrays with, 15.6.19

using the FOR clause with, 13.11.1, 15.6.19

when needed, 13.10

dynamic SQL methods

overview of, 13.6

dynamic SQL statements

binding of host variables in, 13.5

definition of, 13.1

requirements for, 13.4

use of placeholders in, 13.4

using host arrays in, 13.11.1

versus static SQL statements, 13.1

E

embedded PL/SQL

advantages of, 7.1.1

cursor FOR loop, 7.1.3

example of, 7.3.1, 7.3.2

overview of, 2.1.4

packages, 7.1.5

PL/SQL tables, 7.1.6

procedures and functions, 7.1.4

requirements for, 7.2

SQLCHECK option, 7.2

support for SQL, 2.1.4

user-defined records, 7.1.7

using %TYPE, 7.1.2

using the VARCHAR pseudotype with, 7.3.3

using to improve performance, B.4

where allowed, 7.2

embedded SQL, F.1

ALLOCATE statement, E.4

CLOSE statement, E.8

CONTEXT ALLOCATE statement, 11.4.2.2, E.17

CONTEXT FREE statement, 11.4.2.4

definition of, 2.1.1

difference from interactive SQL, 2.1.2

ENABLE THREADS statement, 11.4.2.1

EXEC SQL CACHE FREE ALL, 17.4.4

EXECUTE statement, E.32

key concepts of, 2.1

mixing with host-language statements, 2.1.2

OPEN statement, E.67

overview of, 2.1.1

PREPARE statement, E.69

requirements for, 2.1.2

SAVEPOINT statement, E.72

SELECT statement, E.73

syntax for, 2.1.2

testing with SQL*Plus, 1.3

TYPE directive, E.75

UPDATE statement, E.76

using OCI types in, 17.14.2

using REFs in, 17.13.3

VAR directive, E.77

when to use, 1.3

WHENEVER directive, E.78

embedded SQL statements

labels for, 9.9.2.5

referencing host arrays in, 8.3.1

referencing host variables in, 4.2.2

suffixes and prefixes not allowed, 2.3.2

terminator for, 2.3.13

use of apostrophes in, 2.3.4

use of quotation marks in, 2.3.4

embedding

PL/SQL blocks in precompiler programs, E.32

EMP table, 2.7

ENABLE THREADS SQL statement, E.31

ENABLE THREADS statement, 11.4.2.1

enabling

threads, 11.4.2.1

encoding scheme (character set or code page), 4.10

enqueues

locking, 3.3

entering options, 5.4.4, 10.4

environment variables, 10.2.1

equivalencing

host variable equivalencing, E.77

user-defined type equivalencing, E.75

equivalencing of datatypes

datatype equivalencing, 2.1.8

error detection

error reporting, E.78

error handling, 2.1.11

alternatives, 9.3

need for, 9.1

overview of, 2.1.11

SQLCA versus WHENEVER statement, 9.3.2

use of ROLLBACK statement in, 3.8

error messages

maximum length of, 9.8

use in error reporting, 9.6.5

using the sqlglm() function to get, 9.8

where available in SQLCA, 9.6.5

error reporting

key components of, 9.6

use of error messages in, 9.6.5

use of parse error offset in, 9.6.4

use of rows-processed count in, 9.6.3

use of warning flags in, 9.6.2

WHENEVER directive, E.78

ERRORS precompiler option, 10.5.21

ERRTYPE

precompiler option, 10.5.22

ERRTYPE OTT parameter, 19.5.2.9

ERRTYPE precompiler option, 17.8.5

exception, PL/SQL

definition of, 7.4.1

EXEC ORACLE DEFINE statement, 5.6

EXEC ORACLE ELSE statement, 2.4, 5.6

EXEC ORACLE ENDIF statement, 2.4, 5.6

EXEC ORACLE IFDEF statement, 2.4, 5.6

EXEC ORACLE IFNDEF statement, 2.4, 5.6

EXEC ORACLE OPTION statement

set option values inline, 10.4

EXEC ORACLE statement

scope of, 10.4.2.2

syntax for, 10.4.2

uses for, 10.4.2.1

EXEC ORACLE statements, 2.4

EXEC SQL CACHE FREE statement, 17.4.4

EXEC SQL clause

using to embed SQL, 2.1.2

EXEC SQL INCLUDE

contrasted with #include, 5.4.8

EXEC SQL VAR statement

CONVBUFSZ clause, 4.11.3

EXEC TOOLS

GET CONTEXT statement, 20.5.5

GET statement, 20.5.3

MESSAGE statement, 20.5.6

SET CONTEXT statement, 20.5.4

SET statement, 20.5.2

EXEC TOOLS statements, 20.5

executable SQL statements

purpose of, 6.3

uses for, 2.1.1.1

where allowed, 2.1.1.1

EXECUTE ... END-EXEC SQL statement, E.32

EXECUTE DESCRIPTOR statement

SQL statements

EXECUTE DESCRIPTOR, E.34

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE SQL statement, E.35

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement, 14.5.9

AT clause in, 3.2.4.1.4

examples, E.35

use in dynamic SQL method 1, 13.7

EXECUTE optional keyword of ARRAYLEN statement, 7.5.2

EXECUTE SQL statement, E.33

EXECUTE statement, 14.5.8

examples, E.32, E.33

use in dynamic SQL method 2, 13.8

execution of statements, 13.5

execution plan, B.5, B.5.2

EXPLAIN PLAN statement

function of, B.5.2

using to improve performance, B.5.2

explicit connections, 3.2.4

description of, 3.2.4

multiple, 3.2.4.2

single, 3.2.4.1

extensions

default file name, 19.5.7

external datatypes

definition of, 2.1.6

FLOAT, 4.1.2.4

INTEGER, 4.1.2.3

STRING, 4.1.2.5

external procedures

callbacks, 7.8

calling from PL/SQL, 7.8

creating, 7.8.2

error-handling, 7.8.3

restrictions, 7.8.1

F

F variable in SQLDA

how value is set, 15.3.6

purpose of, 15.3.6

FAQs, 1.8

FETCH DESCRIPTOR SQL statement, E.37

FETCH SQL statement, E.36

FETCH statement, 14.5.12

example of, 6.5.3

examples, E.36

INTO clause in, 6.5.3

purpose of, 6.5, 6.5.3

results of, 6.5.3

use in dynamic SQL method 3, 13.9.4

use in dynamic SQL method 4, 15.6.15

used after OPEN command, E.68

used after OPEN statement, E.67

fetching

rows from cursors, E.36, E.37

fetching in batches

batch fetch, 8.4.1

FIPS flagger

warns of array usage, 8.3.4

warns of missing Declare Section, 4.2.1

warns of use of pointers as host variables, 5.1.3.3

FIPS precompiler option, 10.5.24

flags

warning flags, 9.6.2

FLOAT datatype, 4.1.2.4

FOR clause

example of using, 8.8

of embedded SQL EXECUTE DESCRIPTOR statement, E.34, E.34

of embedded SQL EXECUTE statement, E.33, E.33

purpose of, 8.8

requirements for, 8.8

restrictions on, 8.8.1

using in dynamic SQL method 4, 15.6.19

using with host arrays, 8.8

when variable negative or zero, 8.8

FOR UPDATE OF clause

locking rows with, 3.11

purpose of, 3.11.1

when to use, 3.11

FORCE clause

of COMMIT statement, E.15

of ROLLBACK statement, E.71

forward references

why not allowed, 6.5.1

FREE SQL statement, 17.4.3, E.38

free() function, 15.6.17

example of using, 15.6.17

freeing

thread context, 11.4.2.4, E.18

Frequently Asked Questions, 1.8

full scan

description of, B.7

function prototype

definition of, 10.5.8

functions

cannot serve as host variables, 4.2.2.1

G

generic documentation references

default values for options, 10.2.7

demo directory, 1.6

header files, location of, 5.5.4

linking, 1.7

GENXTB form

how to run, 20.12

use with user exits, 20.12

GENXTB utility

how to run, 20.12

use with user exits, 20.12

GET DESCRIPTOR statement, 14.5.3

Globalization Support, 4.10

GOTO action

in the WHENEVER statement, 9.9.2.5

of WHENEVER directive, E.78

result of, 9.9.2.5

guidelines

for dynamic SQL, 13.6.5

for separate precompilations, 2.5.1

for the WHENEVER statement, 9.9.6

for transactions, 3.14.1

H

header files

location of, 5.5.4

oraca.h, 5.5.4, 5.5.4

sql2oci.h, 5.5.4, 5.5.4

sqlapr.h, 5.5.4, 5.5.4

sqlca.h, 5.5.4

sqlcpr.h, 5.5.4

HEADER precompiler option, 5.5, 10.5.25

heap

definition of, 9.11.4

HFILE OTT parameter, 19.5.2.7

hints

COST, B.5.1

for the ORACLE SQL statement optimizer, 6.7

in DELETE statements, E.28

in SELECT statements, E.73

in UPDATE statements, E.76

HOLD_CURSOR

precompiler option

used to improved performance, B.9.2.4

what it affects, B.9

HOLD_CURSOR option

of ORACLE Precompilers, E.8

HOLD_CURSOR precompiler option, 10.5.25

host arrays

advantages of, 8.1

declaring, 8.2, 8.2

dimensioning, 8.2

in the DELETE statement, 8.7

in the INSERT statement, 8.5

in the SELECT statement, 8.4

in the UPDATE statement, 8.6

in the WHERE clause, 8.9

matching sizes of, 8.3.1

referencing, 8.2.1, 8.3.1

restrictions on, 8.3.3, 8.4.7, 8.5.1, 8.6.1, 8.7.1

used as input host variables, 8.3

used as output host variables, 8.3

using in dynamic SQL method 4, 15.6.19

using in dynamic SQL statements, 13.11.1

using the FOR clause with, 8.8

using to improve performance, B.3

when not allowed, 8.2.1

host language

definition of, 2.1.1, 2.1.1.1

host program

definition of, 2.1.1

host structures

arrays in, 4.8.1

declaring, 4.8

host variables, 6.1.1

assigning values to, 2.1.5

declarations, 18.2.1

declaring, 2.3.3, 18.2.1

definition of, 2.1.5

dummy, 13.4

host variable equivalencing, E.77

in EXECUTE statement, E.33

in OPEN statement, E.67

in user exits, 20.4.1

input versus output, 6.1.1

must resolve to an address, 4.2.2.1

overview of, 2.1.5

purpose of, 6.1

restrictions on, 4.2.2.1

rules for naming, 2.3.8

using in PL/SQL, 7.3

I

I variable in SQLDA

how value is set, 15.3.5

purpose of, 15.3.5

IAP in SQL*Forms

purpose of, 20.13

identifiers, ORACLE

how to form, E.3.5

implicit connections, 3.2.5

multiple, 3.2.5.2

single, 3.2.5.1

IN OUT parameter mode, 7.1.4

IN parameter mode, 7.1.4

INAME precompiler option, 10.5.28

INCLUDE

precompiler option, use of, 5.4.7

using to include the SQLCA, 9.7.1

INCLUDE option, 10.2.7.4

INCLUDE precompiler option, D.1.11

INCLUDE, SYS_INCLUDE Precompiler Options, 10.2.1

indexes

using to improve performance, B.7

indicator arrays, 8.3.2

example of using, 8.3.2

uses for, 8.3.2

INDICATOR keyword, 4.3.1

indicator variables

assigning values to, 6.2

association with host variables, 6.2

declarations, 18.2.1

declaring, 4.3, 18.2.1

definition of, 2.1.5

function of, 6.2

guidelines, 4.3.3

interpreting values of, 6.2

naming of, 4.8.4

referencing, 4.3

requirements for, 6.2

used with multibyte character strings, 4.11.6

using in PL/SQL, 7.4

using to detect NULLs, 6.2

using to detect truncated values, 6.2

using to insert NULLs, 6.2.1

using to return NULLs, 6.2.2

using to test for NULLs, 6.2.4

with structures, 4.8.4

in-doubt transaction, 3.13

INITFILE OTT parameter, 19.5.2.5

INITFUNC OTT parameter, 19.5.2.6

initialization function

calling, 19.3.2

tasks of, 19.3.3

input host variables

assigning values to, 6.1.1

definition of, 6.1.1

restrictions on, 6.1.1

uses for, 6.1.1

where allowed, 6.1.1

INSERT SQL statement, E.40

examples, E.40

INSERT statement

column list in, 6.3.2

example of, 6.3.2

INTO clause in, 6.3.2

purpose of, 6.3.2

requirements for, 6.3.2

using host arrays in, 8.5

VALUES clause in, 6.3.2

inserting

rows into tables and views, E.40

INTEGER datatype, 4.1.2.3

interface

native, 5.12

XA, 5.12

internal datatypes

definition of, 2.1.6

INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND datatype, 4.1.3.7

INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH datatype, 4.1.3.6

INTO clause

for output host variables, 6.1.1

in FETCH statements, 6.5.3

in INSERT statements, 6.3.2

in SELECT statements, 6.3.1

of FETCH DESCRIPTOR statement, E.37

of FETCH statement, E.36

of SELECT statement, E.73

used with FETCH instead of SELECT, 6.5.1

intype file, 19.5.4

providing when running OTT, 19.2.4

structure of, 19.5.4

INTYPE OTT parameter, 19.5.2.2

INTYPE precompiler option, 10.5.30

invalid use

of precompiler preprocessor, 5.4.5.1

J

joins

restriction on, 6.9.1

L

L variable in SQLDA

how value is set, 15.3.3

purpose of, 15.3.3

label name

maximum length of, 9.9.2.5

large objects, F.1

LDA, 5.10

remote and multiple connections, 5.10.2

setup for OCI version 8, 5.10.1

lines

continuation, 2.3.9

maximum length, 2.3.10

LINES precompiler option, 10.5.31

link

database link, 3.2.5.1

linking, 1.7, 2.6

on UNIX, 1.8.11

on VMS, 1.8.11

two-task, 2.6

Linking in an XA Library, D.1.8

LNAME precompiler option, 10.5.32

LNPROC

VMS link script, 1.8.11

LOB APPEND SQL statement, E.41

LOB APPEND statement, 16.4.1

LOB ASSIGN SQL statement, E.42

LOB ASSIGN statement, 16.4.2

LOB CLOSE SQL statement, E.43

LOB CLOSE statement, 16.4.3

LOB COPY SQL statement, E.44

LOB COPY statement, 16.4.4

LOB CREATE TEMPORARY SQL statement, E.45

LOB CREATE temporary statement, 16.4.5

LOB DESCRIBE SQL statement, E.46

LOB DISABLE BUFFERING SQL statement, E.47

LOB DISABLE BUFFERING statement, 16.4.6

LOB ENABLE BUFFERING SQL statement, E.48

LOB ENABLE BUFFERING statement, 16.4.7

LOB ERASE SQL statement, E.49

LOB ERASE statement, 16.4.8

LOB FILE CLOSE ALL SQL statement, E.50

LOB file close all statement, 16.4.9

LOB FILE CLOSE ALL statement, 16.4.9

LOB FILE SET SQL statement, E.51

LOB FILE SET statement, 16.4.10

LOB FLUSH BUFFER SQL statement, E.52

LOB FLUSH BUFFER statement, 16.4.11

LOB FREE TEMPORARY SQL statement, E.53

LOB FREE TEMPORARY statement, 16.4.12

LOB LOAD FROM FILE statement, 16.4.13

LOB LOAD SQL statement, E.54

LOB OPEN SQL statement, E.55

LOB OPEN statement, 16.4.14

LOB READ SQL statement, E.56

LOB READ statement, 16.4.15

LOB TRIM SQL statement, E.57

LOB WRITE SQL statement, E.58

LOBs, F.1

access methods, 16.2.1

BFILES, 16.1.2

buffering system, 16.3.2

external, 16.1.2

initializing, 16.2.3

internal, 16.1.1

locators, 16.1.5

locators in C, 16.2.2

temporary, 16.1.6

Location of Included Files, D.1.2

location of the Pro*C/C++ Executable, D.1.9

location transparency

how provided, 3.2.5.1

lock

released by ROLLBACK statement, E.71

LOCK TABLE statement

closes mall cursors, 3.11.2

example of, 3.11.2

locking tables with, 3.11.2

NOWAIT parameter in, 3.11.2

purpose of, 3.11.2

locking, 3.11

definition of, 3.3

explicit versus implicit, 3.11

modes of, 3.3

overriding default, 3.11

privileges needed to obtain, 3.14.2

table versus row, 3.11

uses for, 3.11

with FOR UPDATE OF, 3.11

with the LOCK TABLE statement, 3.11.2

logon, 3.1

Logon Data Area, 5.10

LONG datatype, 4.1.2.7

LONG RAW datatype, 4.1.2.13

LONG VARCHAR

datatype, 4.1.2.15

LONG VARRAW datatype, 4.1.2.16

LTYPE precompiler option, 10.5.33

lvalue, 4.2

M

M variable in SQLDA

how value is set, 15.3.8

purpose of, 15.3.8

macro precompiler options, 10.2.4

malloc()

example of using, 15.6.14

purpose of, 15.6.14

MAXLITERAL

default value for, 2.3.11

MAXLITERAL precompiler option, 10.5.35

MAXOPENCURSORS

precompiler option

effect on performance, B.9.2.2

for multiple cursors, 6.5.1

specifying for separate precompilation, 2.5.1.2

what it affects, B.9

MAXOPENCURSORS precompiler option, 10.5.36

MEMFORPREFETCH precompiler option, 10.5.53

metadata, 18.4.7

micro precompiler options, 10.2.4

Microsoft Visual Studio

integrating Pro*C/C++ into, G

migration

include files, 5.4.10

MODE interaction with DBMS, 10.5.16

MODE precompiler option, 10.5.37

modes, parameter, 7.1.4

msvcrt.lib runtime library, 1.7

multithreaded applications, F.1

sample program, 11.5

user-interface features

embedded SQL statements and directives, 11.4.2

N

N variable in SQLDA

how value is set, 15.3.1

purpose of, 15.3.1

naming

of cursors, 6.5.1

of database objects, E.3.5

of select-list items, 15.2.1

of SQL*Forms user exits, 20.14.1

NATIVE

value of DBMS option, 10.5.15, 10.5.16

native interface, 5.12

navigational access sample program, 17.11

nested tables, 18.1.1

creation, 18.1.1

network

communicating over, 3.2.1

protocols, 3.2.1

reducing traffic, B.4

NLS parameters, 4.10

NLS_CURRENCY, 4.10

NLS_DATE_FORMAT, 4.10

NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE, 4.10

NLS_ISO_CURRENCY, 4.10

NLS_LANG, 4.10

NLS_LANGUAGE, 4.10

NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS, 4.10

NLS_TERRITORY, 4.10

NLS_CHAR precompiler option, 10.5.38, 10.5.39

NLS_LOCAL precompiler option, 10.5.40

node

current, 3.2.3

definition of, 3.2.1

NOT FOUND condition

in the WHENEVER statement, 9.9.1.3

meaning of, 9.9.1.3

of WHENEVER directive, E.78

NOWAIT parameter

effect of, 3.11.2

in LOCK TABLE statements, 3.11.2

omitting, 3.11.2

NULLs

definition of, 2.1.5

detecting, 6.2

handling in dynamic SQL method 4, 15.4.3

hardcoding, 6.2.1

inserting, 6.2.1

restrictions on, 6.2.4

returning, 6.2.2

testing for, 6.2.4

using the sqlnul() function to test for, 15.4.3

null-terminated strings, 4.1.2.5.2

NUMBER datatype, 4.1.2.2

using the sqlprc() function with, 15.4.2.1

numeric expressions

cannot serve as host variables, 4.2.2.1

O

object cache, 17.3

OBJECT CREATE SQL statement, 17.5.3, E.59

OBJECT DELETE SQL statement, 17.5.6, E.60

OBJECT DEREF SQL statement, 17.5.4, E.61

OBJECT FLUSH SQL statement, E.62

OBJECT FLUSH SQL statements, 17.5.8

OBJECT GET SQL statement, 17.6.2, E.63

OBJECT RELEASE SQL statement, E.64

OBJECT SET SQL statement, 17.6.1, E.65

Object Type Translator (OTT), F.4

command line, 19.2.3

command line syntax, 19.5.1

creating types in the database, 19.2.1

default name mapping, 19.5.7

outtype file, 19.2.8

parameters, 19.5.2

providing an intype file, 19.2.4

reference, 19.5

restriction, 19.5.8

using, 19, 19.2

using with Pro*C/C++, 19.4

OBJECT UPDATE SQL statement, 17.5.7, E.66

objects

accessing with OCI, 19.3.1

demonstration program, F.1

introduction to, 17.1

manipulating with OCI, 19.3.1

persistent, 17.3.1

persistent versus transient copies of, 17.3.1

references to, 17.1.2

support, 17

transient, 17.3.1

types, 17.1.1

using object types in Pro*C/C++, 17.2

OBJECTS precompiler option, 10.5.23, 10.5.41, 17.8.3

OCI applications

using the OTT with, 19.3

OCI calls, 1.8.3

embedding, 5.10

in an X/A environment, 5.12.1.3

OCI onblon() call

not used to connect, 5.10

OCI orlon() call

not used to connect, 5.10

OCI Release 8, 5.8

accessing and manipulating objects, 19.3.1

embedding in Pro*C/C++, 5.9.3

interfacing to, 5.9

parameters in the environment handle, 5.8.2

SQLLIB extensions, 5.8

OCI types

declaring, 17.14.1

manipulating, 17.14.3

OCIDate, 17.14

OCINumber, 17.14

OCIRaw, 17.14

OCIString, 17.14

using in embedded SQL, 17.14.2

OCIDate, 17.14

declaring, 17.14.1

ocidfn.h, 5.10

OCINumber, 17.14

declaring, 17.14.1

OCIRaw, 17.14

declaring, 17.14.1

OCIString, 17.14

declaring, 17.14.1

ONAME precompiler option, 10.5.42

OPEN CURSOR statement, 14.5.11

OPEN DESCRIPTOR SQL statement, E.68

OPEN SQL statement, E.67

OPEN statement, 6.5.2

dependence on precompiler options, 6.5.2

effect of, 6.5.2

example of, 6.5.2

examples, E.67

purpose of, 6.5, 6.5.2

use in dynamic SQL method 3, 13.9.3

use in dynamic SQL method 4, 15.6.11

opening

a cursor variable, 4.5.3

cursors, E.67, E.68

operators

C versus SQL, 2.3.12

restrictions on, 2.3.12

optimization approach, B.5.1

optimizer hints, B.5.1

in C, 6.7

in C++, 6.7.1, 12.2.1

ORACA, 9.3.2

example of using, 9.11.6

using to gather cursor cache statistics, 9.11.5.11

ORACA precompiler option, 10.5.27, 10.5.34, 10.5.43, 10.5.44, 10.5.45, 10.5.56

oraca.h header file, 5.5.4, 5.5.4

ORACAID component, 9.11.5.1

Oracle

datatypes, 2.1.6

Forms Version 4, 20.5

Open Gateway

using the ROWID datatype with, 4.1.2.9

Toolset, 20.5

Oracle Call Interface version 7, 5.10

Oracle Communications Area, 9.11

Oracle names

how to form, E.3.5

Oracle Net

connecting to Oracle through, 3.2.2

connection syntax, 3.2.1

for concurrent connections, 3.2.2

function of, 3.2.1

Oracle Net Services

connecting, 3.1.2

orasql9.lib, G.2.2

orasql9.lib library file, 1.7

OTT (Object Type Translator), F.4

OTT parameter TRANSITIVE, 19.5.2.12

OTT parameters

CASE, 19.5.2.10

CODE, 19.5.2.4

CONFIG, 19.5.2.8

ERRTYPE, 19.5.2.9

HFILE, 19.5.2.7

INITFILE, 19.5.2.5

INITFUNC, 19.5.2.6

INTYPE, 19.5.2.2

OUTTYPE, 19.5.2.3

SCHEMA_NAMES, 19.5.2.11

USERID, 19.5.2.1

where they appear, 19.5.3

OUT parameter mode, 7.1.4

output host variables

assigning values to, 6.1.1

definition of, 6.1.1

outtype file, 19.5.4

when running OTT, 19.2.8

OUTTYPE OTT parameter, 19.5.2.3

overhead

reducing, B.2

P

PAGELEN

precompiler option, 10.5.46

parameter modes, 7.1.4

PARSE

precompiler option, 10.5.47

parse error offset

how to interpret, 9.6.4

use in error reporting, 9.6.4

PARSE option, 10.2.7.5

parsing dynamic statements

PREPARE statement, E.69

password

defining, 3.1

paths

checking, F.4

checking the .pre files, F.5

pcmake.bat, F.3.1

pcscfg.cfg configuration file, 10.2.7.1

performance

eliminating extra parsing to improve, B.9

optimizing SQL statements to improve, B.5

reasons for poor, B.1

using embedded PL/SQL to improve, B.4

using HOLD_CURSOR to improve, B.9.2.4

using host arrays to improve, B.3

using indexes to improve, B.7

using RELEASE_CURSOR to improve, B.9.2.4

using row-level locking to improve, B.8

persistent copies of objects, 17.3.1

persistent objects, 17.3.1

placeholders

duplicate, 13.8.1, 13.12.2

naming, 13.8.1

proper order of, 13.8.1

use in dynamic SQL statements, 13.4

PLAN_BASELINE

precompiler option, 10.5.48

PLAN_ENABLED

precompiler option, 10.5.52

PLAN_FIXED

precompiler option, 10.5.51

PLAN_PREFIX

precompiler option, 10.5.49

PLAN_RUN

precompiler option, 10.5.50

PL/SQL, 1.4

anonymous block

used to open a cursor variable, 4.5.3

cursor FOR loop, 7.1.3

description of, 1.4

difference from SQL, 1.4

executing a block using the AT clause, 3.2.4.1.2

integration with database server, 7.1.2

main advantage of, 1.4

packages, 7.1.5

PL/SQL tables, 7.1.6

procedures and functions, 7.1.4

RECORD type

cannot be bound to a C struct, 4.8.2

relationship with SQL, 1.4

setting SQLCA, 9.7.4

user-defined records, 7.1.7

PL/SQL blocks

embedded in precompiler programs, E.32

pointer

definition of, 4.9

to cursor variables

restrictions on, 4.5.1

pointer variables

declaring, 4.9.1

determining size of referenced value, 4.9.2

referencing, 4.9.2

referencing struct members with, 4.9.2

.pre files

checking the paths, F.5

precedence of precompiler options, 10.2.3, 10.2.3

precision

definition of, 15.4.2.1

using sqlprc() to extract, 15.4.2.1

when not specified, 15.4.2.1

precompilation

conditional, 2.4

separate, 2.5, 2.5

precompilation unit, 3.1, 10.3

precompiled header files, 5.5

C++ restrictions, 5.5.5.2

CODE option, 5.5.5.2, 5.5.5.2

PARSE option, 5.5.5.2

precompiler options

alphabetized list, 10.3, 10.5

AUTO_CONNECT, 10.5.1

case sensitivity, 10.1.1

CHAR_MAP, 5.1.1, 10.5.2

CLOSE_ON_COMMIT, 6.5.1, 6.6.2, 10.5.4

CODE, 10.5.8, 10.5.8

COMP_CHARSET, 10.5.9, 10.5.9, 10.5.10, 10.5.10

CONFIG, 10.5.3, 10.5.5, 10.5.6, 10.5.7, 10.5.11, 10.5.12, 10.5.14

configuration files, 10.2.2

CPP_SUFFIX, 10.5.13, 10.5.13

DBMS, 10.5.15, 10.5.16

DEF_SQLCODE, 10.5.17

DEFINE, 10.5.18

determining current value, 10.2.3

DURATION, 10.5.20

DYNAMIC, 14.4

entering, 10.4

entering on the command line, 10.4.1

ERRORS, 10.5.21

ERRTYPE, 10.5.22

FIPS, 10.5.24

HEADER, 10.5.25

HOLD_CURSOR, 10.5.25, 10.5.26

INAME, 10.5.28

INCLUDE, 10.5.29, 10.5.29

INTYPE, 10.5.30

LINES, 10.5.31

list of, 10.5

LNAME, 10.5.32

LTYPE, 10.5.33

MAXLITERAL, 2.3.11, 10.5.35

MAXOPENCURSORS, 10.5.36

MEMFORPREFETCH, 10.5.53

micro and macro, 10.2.4

MODE, 10.5.37, 14.4

NLS_CHAR, 10.5.38, 10.5.39

NLS_LOCAL, 10.5.40

OBJECTS, 10.5.23, 10.5.41

ONAME, 10.5.42

ORACA, 10.5.27, 10.5.34, 10.5.43, 10.5.44, 10.5.45, 10.5.56

PAGELEN, 10.5.46

PARSE, 10.5.47

PLAN_BASELINE, 10.5.48

PLAN_ENABLED, 10.5.52

PLAN_FIXED, 10.5.51

PLAN_PREFIX, 10.5.49

PLAN_RUN, 10.5.50

precedence, 10.2.3

PREFETCH, 10.5.54

RELEASE_CURSOR, 10.5.55

scope, 10.2.6

scope of, 10.3

SELECT_ERROR, 10.5.57, 10.5.58

specifying, 10.4.1

SQLCHECK, 17.8.6

syntax for, 10.4.1

SYS_INCLUDE, 10.5.59

THREADS, 10.5.60, 11.4.1

TYPE_CODE, 10.5.61, 14.4

UNSAFE_NULL, 10.5.62

USERID, 10.5.63

using, 10.5

VARCHAR, 10.5.65

VERSION, 10.5.66

Precompiler Options, SYS_INCLUDE, INCLUDE, 10.2.1

predefined symbols, 2.4.1

PREFETCH precompiler option, 6.6.3, 10.5.54

PREPARE SQL statement, E.69

PREPARE statement, 14.5.5

effect on data definition statements, 13.6.2

examples, E.69

use in dynamic SQL, 13.8, 13.9.1

use in dynamic SQL method 4, 15.6.6

preprocessor

example, 5.6.2

EXEC ORACLE directives, 5.6

preprocessor directives

directives not supported by Pro*C, 5.4.2.1

preprocessor, support of, 4.1

private SQL area

association with cursors, 2.1.9

definition of, 2.1.9

opening of, 2.1.9

purpose of, B.9.2.1

Pro*C/C++

configuration files, 10.2.7.1

integrating into Microsoft Visual Studio, G

library file, G.2.2

linking, 1.7

Pro*C/C++ Precompiler

common uses for, 1.2

Globalization Support, 4.10

new database types, 17.15

object support in, 17

runtime context, 5.8.1

use of PL/SQL with, 7.2

using OTT with, 19.4

procedural database extension, 7.1.5

program termination

normal versus abnormal, 3.9

programming guidelines, 2.3

project files, F.4

Q

queries

association with cursors, 6.5

forwarding, 3.2.5.1

incorrectly coded, 6.3.1

kinds of, 6.3

requirements for, 6.3

returning more than one row, 6.3

single-row versus multirow, 6.3.1

R

RAW datatype, 4.1.2.11

READ ONLY parameter

in SET TRANSACTION statement, 3.10

read-only transactions

description of, 3.10

example of, 3.10

how ended, 3.10

record, 7.1.7

REF

structure for, 17.13.1

REF (reference to object), 17.1.2

REFERENCE clause

in TYPE statement, 5.3.2.1

reference semantics (ANSI dynamic SQL), 14.3.1

references to objects (REFs)

declaring, 17.13.2

using, 17.13

using in embedded SQL, 17.13.3

referencing

of host arrays, 8.2.1, 8.3.1

REFs

declaring, 17.13.2, 17.13.2

using, 17.13, 17.13

using in embedded SQL, 17.13.3

RELEASE option, 3.9

if omitted, 3.9

in COMMIT statement, 3.6

in ROLLBACK statement, 3.8

purpose of, 3.6

restriction on, 3.8

RELEASE_CURSOR

precompiler option

what it affects, B.9

RELEASE_CURSOR option

of ORACLE Precompilers, E.8

using to improve performance, B.9.2.4

RELEASE_CURSOR precompiler option, 10.5.55

remote database

declaration of, E.24

reserved namespaces, A.2

reserved words and keywords, A.1

resource manager, 5.12

restrictions

on AT clause, 3.2.4.1.3

on Comments, 13.12.4

on CURRENT OF clause, 6.9.1

on declaring cursors, 6.5.1

on FOR clause, 8.8.1

on host arrays, 8.3.3, 8.4.7, 8.5.1, 8.6.1, 8.7.1

on input host variables, 6.1.1

on NULLs, 6.2.4

on separate precompilation, 2.5.1.1

on SET TRANSACTION statement, 3.10

use of CURRENT OF clause, 8.3.3

retrieving rows from a table

embedded SQL, E.73

return codes

user exits, 20.8

returning clause

DELETE, 6.3.4

in INSERT, 6.4

in UPDATE, 6.3.3

returning clauses, 6.4

roll back

to a savepoint, E.72

to the same savepoint multiple times, E.71

ROLLBACK

signal handler single thread limitation, 9.2

ROLLBACK SQL statement, E.71

ROLLBACK statement, 3.8

effect of, 3.8

ending a transaction, E.71

example of, 3.8

examples, E.71

in error handling routines, 3.8

purpose of, 3.8

RELEASE option in, 3.8

TO SAVEPOINT clause in, 3.8

using in a PL/SQL block, 3.14.3

where to place, 3.8

rollbacks

automatic, 3.8

function of, 3.4

statement-level, 3.8.1

row locks

acquiring with FOR UPDATE OF, 3.11.1

advantage of, B.8

using to improve performance, B.8

when acquired, 3.11.1.1

when released, 3.11.1.1

ROWID

logical, 4.1.2.9

pseudocolumn, 3.12

using to mimic CURRENT OF, 3.12, 8.11

universal, 4.1.2.9, 4.1.2.9

ROWID datatype, 4.1.2.9

rows

fetching from cursors, E.36, E.37

inserting into tables and views, E.40

updating, E.76

rows-processed count

use in error reporting, 9.6.3

runtime context

establishing, 5.8.1

terminating, 5.8.1

runtime type checking, 17.8.7

S

S variable in SQLDA

how value is set, 15.3.7

purpose of, 15.3.7

sample database tables

DEPT table, 2.7

EMP table, 2.7

sample object type code, 17.11

sample programs

ANSIDYN1, F.1, F.1

ansidyn1.pc, 14.6.1

ANSIDYN2, F.1, F.1

ansidyn2.pc, 14.6.2

building, F.3

calldemo.sql, with sample9.pc, 7.7.2.1

COLDEMO1, F.1, F.1

coldemo1.pc, 18.5.5

CPPDEMO1, F.1, F.1

cppdemo1.pc, 12.3.1

CPPDEMO2, F.1, F.1

cppdemo2.pc, 12.3.2

CPPDEMO3, F.1, F.1

cppdemo3.pc, 12.3.3

cursor variable demos, 4.5.7

CV_DEMO, F.1, F.1

cv_demo.pc, 4.5.7.2

cv_demo.sql, 4.5.7.1

default drive, F.4

described, F.1

EMPCLASS, F.1, F.1

extp1.pc, 7.8.2

how to precompile, 2.8, 2.9

LOBDEMO1, F.1, F.1

lobdemo1.pc, 16.6.3

location of, 1.6, F.1

MLTTHRD1, F.1, F.1

NAVDEMO1, F.1, F.1

navdemo1.pc, 17.11

OBJDEMO1, F.1, F.1

ORACA, F.1, F.1

oraca.pc, 9.11.6, 9.11.6

PLSSAM, F.1, F.1

SAMPLE, F.1, F.1

SAMPLE1, F.1, F.1

SAMPLE10, F.1, F.1

sample10.pc, 15.7

SAMPLE11, F.1, F.1

sample11.pc, 4.5.7.2

SAMPLE12, F.1, F.1

sample12.pc, 15.6.20

sample1.pc, 2.8

SAMPLE2, F.1, F.1

sample2.pc, 4.8.5

SAMPLE3, F.1, F.1

sample3.pc, 8.4.5

SAMPLE4, F.1, F.1

sample4.pc, 5.3.5

SAMPLE5, F.1, F.1

sample5.pc, 20.11

SAMPLE6, F.1, F.1

sample6.pc, 13.7.1

SAMPLE7, F.1, F.1

sample7.pc, 13.8.2

SAMPLE8, F.1, F.1

sample8.pc, 13.9.6

SAMPLE9, F.1, F.1

sample9.pc, 7.7.2.1

setting the path, F.4

setting the path for the .pre files, F.5

SQLVCP, F.1, F.1

sqlvcp.pc, 4.4.7

WINSAM, F.1, F.1

sample tables

building, F.2

SAVEPOINT SQL statement, E.72

SAVEPOINT statement, E.72

example of, 3.7

examples, E.72

purpose of, 3.7

savepoints

creating, E.72

definition of, 3.7

uses for, 3.7

when erased, 3.7

scale

definition of, 15.4.2.1, E.77

using sqlprc() to extract, 15.4.2.1

when negative, 15.4.2.1, E.77

Scale

using SQLPRC to extract, E.77

SCHEMA_NAMES OTT parameter, 19.5.2.11

usage, 19.5.6

scope

of a cursor variable, 4.5.1

of DECLARE STATEMENT directive, E.25

of precompiler options, 10.3

of the EXEC ORACLE statement, 10.4.2.2

of WHENEVER statement, 9.9.5

search condition

definition of, 6.3.5

in the WHERE clause, 6.3.5

select descriptor, 15.2.1, 15.2.1

information in, 13.10.2

select list

definition of, 6.3.1

number of items in, 6.3.1

using the free() function for, 15.6.17

using the malloc() function for, 15.6.14

SELECT SQL statement, E.73

select SQLDA

purpose of, 15.1.3

SELECT statement, 6.3.1

clauses available for, 6.3.1.1

embedded SQL examples, E.73

example of, 6.3.1

INTO clause in, 6.3.1

purpose of, 6.3.1

testing, 6.3.1.1

using host arrays in, 8.4

WHERE clause in, 6.3.1

SELECT_ERROR

precompiler option, 6.3.1, 10.5.57, 10.5.58

semantic checking

controlling with the SQLCHECK option, C.2

definition of, C.1

enabling, C.3.1

with the SQLCHECK option, C.1

separate precompilation

guidelines for, 2.5.1

referencing cursors for, 2.5.1.1

restrictions on, 2.5.1.1

specifying MAXOPENCURSORS for, 2.5.1.2

using a single SQLCA with, 2.5.1.3

server

integration with PL/SQL, 7.1.2

session

definition of, 3.3

sessions

beginning, E.16

SET clause

in UPDATE statements, 6.3.3

purpose of, 6.3.3

use of subqueries in, 6.3.3

SET DESCRIPTOR statement, 14.5.4, E.74

SET TRANSACTION statement

example of, 3.10

purpose of, 3.10

READ ONLY parameter in, 3.10

requirements for, 3.10

restrictions on, 3.10

Signal handler

SQL single thread limitation, 9.2

Size of an Integer and ROWID, D.1.5

SQL

benefits of, 1.3

Embedded SQL, 1.3

nature of, 1.3

need for, 1.3

signal handler single thread limitation, 9.2

SQL Communications Area, 9.3.2

SQLCA, 9.7

SQL Descriptor Area

SQLDA, 13.10.1, 15.2.1

SQL directives

CONTEXT USE, 11.4.2.3, E.21

DECLARE DATABASE, E.24

DECLARE STATEMENT, E.25

DECLARE TABLE, E.26

DECLARE TYPE, E.27

TYPE, E.75

VAR, E.77

WHENEVER, E.78

SQL statements

ALLOCATE, E.4

ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR TYPE, E.5

CACHE FREE ALL, E.6

CALL, 7.7.2.3, E.7

CLOSE, E.8

COMMIT, E.15

concerns when executing, 6.3

CONNECT, E.16

CONTEXT ALLOCATE, E.17, E.17

CONTEXT FREE, E.18, E.18

CONTEXT OBJECT OPTION GET, E.19

CONTEXT OBJECT OPTION SET, E.20

DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR, E.22

DELETE, E.28

DESCRIBE, E.29

DESCRIBE DESCRIPTOR, E.30

ENABLE THREADS, E.31

executable versus directive, 2.1.1.1

EXECUTE, E.33

EXECUTE ... END-EXEC, E.32

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE, E.35

FETCH, E.36

FETCH DESCRIPTOR, E.37

for defining and controlling transactions, 3.4

for manipulating a cursor, 6.3, 6.5

FREE, E.38

INSERT, E.40

LOB APPEND, E.41

LOB ASSIGN, E.42

LOB CLOSE, E.43

LOB COPY, E.44

LOB CREATE, E.45

LOB DESCRIBE, E.46

LOB DISABLE BUFFERING, E.47

LOB ENABLE BUFFERING, E.48

LOB ERASE, E.49

LOB FILE CLOSE, E.50

LOB FILE SET, E.51

LOB FLUSH BUFFER, E.52

LOB FREE TEMPORARY, E.53

LOB LOAD, E.54

LOB OPEN, E.55

LOB READ, E.56

LOB TRIM, E.57

LOB WRITE, E.58

OBJECT CREATE, E.59

OBJECT DELETE, E.60

OBJECT DEREF, E.61

OBJECT FLUSH, E.62

OBJECT GET, E.63

OBJECT RELEASE, E.64

OBJECT SET, E.65

OBJECT UPDATE, E.66

OPEN, E.67

OPEN DESCRIPTOR, E.68

optimizing to improve performance, B.5

PREPARE, E.69

ROLLBACK, E.71

rules for executing, B.5

SAVEPOINT, E.72, E.72

SELECT, E.73

SET DESCRIPTOR, E.74

summary of, E.1

types of, 2.1.1.1

UPDATE, E.76

SQL*Forms

display error screen in, 20.8

IAP constants in, 20.8.1

returning values to, 20.8

reverse return code switch in, 20.8

SQL*Plus, 1.3

using to test SELECT statements, 6.3.1.1

versus embedded SQL, 1.3

SQL, dynamic, 2.1.3

SQL_CURSOR, E.4

SQL_SINGLE_RCTX

defined constant, 5.11

definition of, 5.9

sql2oci.h header file, 5.5.4, 5.5.4

sqlald() function

example of using, 15.6.3

purpose of, 15.2.4

syntax for, 15.2.4

sqlaldt() function

see SQLSQLDAAlloc, 5.11

sqlapr.h header file, 5.5.4, 5.5.4

SQLCA, 9.3.2, 9.6

components in, 9.7.3

components set for a PL/SQL block, 9.7.4

declaring, 9.7.1

description of, 9.7

explicit versus implicit checking of, 9.3.2

including multiple times, 5.4.7

overview of, 2.1.11

SQLCABC component in, 9.7.3.2

SQLCAID component in, 9.7.3.1

sqlerrd, 9.7.3.6

sqlerrd[2] component in, 9.7.3.6

sqlerrmc component in, 9.7.3.4

sqlerrml component in, 9.7.3.4

sqlwarn, 9.7.3.7

use in separate precompilations, 2.5.1.3

using more than one, 9.7

using with Oracle Net Services, 9.7

sqlca.h

listing of, 9.7.2

use of SQLCA_STORAGE_CLASS with, 2.5.1.3

sqlca.h header file, 5.5.4

SQLCAID component, 9.7.3.1

SQLCDAFromResultSetCursor(), 5.11

SQLCDAGetCurrent, 5.11

sqlcdat()

see SQLCDAFromResultSetCursor(), 5.11

SQLCHECK option

restrictions on, C.2

what it affects, C.2

SQLCHECK precompiler option, 17.8.6, C.3.1.1, C.3.1.2

SQLCHECK support for objects, 17.8.6

sqlclu() function

example of using, 15.6.17

purpose of, 15.6.17

syntax for, 15.6.17

sqlclut() function

see SQLSQLDAFree(), 5.11

sqlcode

component in SQLCA, 9.3.2, 9.6.1

SQLCODE

with MODE=ANSI, 10.5.37

SQLCODE status variable

declaring, 9.5

when declared with the SQLCA, 9.5

when used, 9.5

sqlcpr.h, 9.8

sqlcpr.h header file, 5.5.4

sqlcurt() function

see SQLDAToResultSetCursor(), 5.11

SQLDA

bind versus select, 13.10.3

C variable in, 15.3.9

definition of, 13.10.3

F variable in, 15.3.6

I variable in, 15.3.5

information stored in, 13.10.3

L variable in, 15.3.3

M variable in, 15.3.8

N variable in, 15.3.1

purpose of, 13.10.1

S variable in, 15.3.7

struct, contents of, 15.2.3

structure of, 15.3

T variable in, 15.3.4

use in dynamic SQL method 4, 15.2.1

V variable in, 15.3.2

X variable in, 15.3.10

Y variable in, 15.3.11

Z variable in, 15.3.12

sqlda.h, 15.1.3

SQLDAToResultSetCursor(), 5.11

SQLEnvGet function in SQLLIB, 5.9.1

SQLEnvGet(), 5.11

sqlerrd

component, 9.6.4, 9.7.3.6

sqlerrd[2] component, 9.6.3, 9.7.3.6

returns N or rows fetched, 8.4.3

use with data manipulation statements, 8.4.2

sqlerrm

component in the SQLCA, 9.3.2

sqlerrmc component, 9.7.3.4

sqlerrml component, 9.7.3.4

SQLERROR

WHENEVER directive condition, E.78

SQLERROR condition

in the WHENEVER statement, 9.9.1.2

meaning of, 9.9.1.2

SQLErrorGetText(), 5.11

SQLExtProcError(), 5.11, 7.8.3

sqlglm(), 9.8

sqlglm() function, 9.8, 9.8

example of using, 9.8

parameters of, 9.8

sqlglmt()

see SQLErrorGetText, 5.11

sqlgls() function, 9.10

example of use, 4.4.7

sample program for, 9.10.2

see SQLLIB

function SQLStmGetText, 4.4.7

sqlglst() function

see SQLStmtGetText, 5.11

sqlld2() function, 5.12.1.3

sqlld2t() function

see SQLLDAGetName, 5.11

SQLLDAGetName, 5.11

sqlldat() function

see SQLCDAGetCurrent, 5.11

SQLLIB

and embedded SQL, 2.1.2

extensions for OCI interoperability, 5.8

function

SQLCDAFromResultSetCursor, 5.11

function SQLCDAGetCurrent, 5.11

function SQLColumnNullCheck, 5.11

function SQLDAFree, 5.11

function SQLDAToResultSetCursor, 5.11

function SQLEnvGet, 5.9.1, 5.11

function SQLErrorGetText, 5.11

function SQLExtProcError, 5.11, 7.8.3

function SQLLDAGetName, 5.11

function SQLNumberPrecV6, 5.11

function SQLNumberPrecV7, 5.11

function SQLRowidGet, 5.11

function SQLStmtGetText(), 5.11

function SQLSvcCtxGet, 5.9.2, 5.11

function SQLVarcharGetLength, 4.4.6

new names for public functions, 5.11

SQLLIB function

SQLSQLDAAlloc, 5.11

SQLVarcharGetLength, 5.11

sqlnul() function

example of using, 15.4.3

purpose of, 15.4.3

syntax for, 15.4.3

use of with T variable, 15.3.4

sqlnult() function

see SQLColumnNullCheck(), 5.11

SQLNumberPrecV6, 5.11

SQLNumberPrecV7, 5.11

sqlpr2() function, 15.4.2.1

sqlpr2t() function

see SQLNumberPrecV7, 5.11

sqlprc() function, 15.4.2.1, 15.4.2.1

sqlprct() function

see SQLNumberPrecV6, 5.11

SQLRowidGet(), 5.11

SQLSQLDAAlloc, 5.11

SQLSQLDAFree(), 5.11

SQLSTATE

class codes, 9.4.2

declaring, 9.4.1

mapping to Oracle errors, 9.4.2

status codes, 9.4.2

status variable, 9.3.1, 9.4

using, 9.4.3

values, 9.4.2

with MODE=ANSI, 10.5.37

SQLStmtGetText, 5.11

SQLStmtGetText() function, F.1

SQLSvcCtxGet function in SQLLIB, 5.9.2

SQLSvcCtxGet(), 5.11

SQLVarcharGetLength, 5.11

sqlvcp() function, F.1

sqlvcp() function, see SQLLIB

function SQLVarcharGetLength, 4.4.6

sqlvcpt() function

see SQLVarcharGetLength, 5.11

sqlwarn

flag, 9.7.3.7

SQLWARNING

WHENEVER directive condition, E.78

SQLWARNING condition

in the WHENEVER statement, 9.9.1.1

meaning of, 9.9.1.1

Standard Header Files, D.1.1

statement-level rollback

description of, 3.8.1

to break deadlocks, 3.8.1

status codes

meaning of, 9.6.1

status variables, 9.3.1

STOP action

in the WHENEVER statement, 9.9.2.6

of WHENEVER directive, E.78

result of, 9.9.2.6

stored procedures

program example, 7.7.2.1

stored subprograms

calling, 7.7.2.1

creating, 7.7.1

packaged versus standalone, 7.7

stored versus inline, 7.7

STRING datatype, 4.1.2.5

string host variables

declaring, 5.1.4

Struct Component Alignment, D.1.4

structs

array of, 8.10

as host variables, 4.8

C, using, 17.12

for collection object types, 18.2

generating C structs for a REF, 17.13.1

pointers as host variables, 4.9.3

structs (structures)

cannot be nested, 4.8.3

structures (structs)

nesting not permitted for host, 4.8.3

subqueries

definition of, 6.3.2.1

example of, 6.3.2.1, 6.3.3

uses for, 6.3.2.1

using in the SET clause, 6.3.3

using in the VALUES clause, 6.3.2.1

symbols

defining, 2.4.1

syntax checking

controlling with the SQLCHECK option, C.2

definition of, C.1

syntax diagram

description of, E.3

how to read, E.3

how to use, E.3

symbols used in, E.3

syntax, embedded SQL, 2.1.2

SYS_INCLUDE

system header files in C++, 12.2.4

SYS_INCLUDE precompiler option, 10.5.59

SYS_INCLUDE, INCLUDE Precompiler Options, 10.2.1

system configuration file, 10.2.3

System Configuration File, D.1.10

system failure

effect on transactions, 3.5

System Global Area (SGA), 7.7

system header files

specifying the location of, 12.2.4

system-specific Oracle documentation, 1.8.11, 2.6, 3.2.2, 5.4.4, 5.12.1.4, 20

system-specific reference, 4.1.2.3, 10.1.1, 10.2.2, 10.5.29, 10.5.59

T

T variable in SQLDA

how value is set, 15.3.4

purpose of, 15.3.4

table locks

acquiring with LOCK TABLE, 3.11.2

effect of, 3.11.2

row share, 3.11.2

when released, 3.11.2

tables

inserting rows into, E.40

nested, 18.1.1

updating rows in, E.76

terminal

encoding scheme, 4.10

termination, program

normal versus abnormal, 3.9

threads, E.17

allocating context, 11.4.2.2, E.17

enabling, 11.4.2.1, E.31

freeing context, 11.4.2.4, E.18

use context, 11.4.2.3

THREADS

precompiler option, 10.5.60, 11.4.1

TIMESTAMP datatype, 4.1.3.3

TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE datatype, 4.1.3.5

TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE datatype, 4.1.3.4

TO clause

of ROLLBACK statement, E.71

TO SAVEPOINT clause

in ROLLBACK statement, 3.8

purpose of, 3.8

restriction on, 3.8

Toolset

Oracle, 20.5

trace facility

function of, B.5.2

using to improve performance, B.5.2

transaction processing

overview of, 2.1.10

statements used for, 2.1.10

transaction processing monitor, 5.12

transactions

committing, E.15

contents of, 2.1.10, 3.5

definition of, 2.1.10

description of, 3.4

distributed, E.71

failure during, 3.5

guarding databases with, 3.4

guidelines for, 3.14.1

how to begin, 3.5

how to end, 3.5

making permanent, 3.6

read-only, 3.10

rolling back, E.71

subdividing with savepoints, 3.7

terminating, 3.6

undoing, 3.8

undoing parts of, 3.7

when rolled back automatically, 3.5, 3.8

transient copies of objects, 17.3.1

transient objects, 17.3.1

TRANSITIVE OTT parameter, 19.5.2.12

truncated values

detecting, 6.2, 7.4.2

truncation error

when generated, 6.2.5

tuning, performance, B.1

two-task

linking, 2.6

type checking at runtime, 17.8.7

TYPE directive

examples, E.75

type inheritance, 17.1.3

example, 17.10

IS OF type operator, 17.1.3

example, 17.1.3, 17.1.3

TREAT operator, 17.1.3

example, 17.1.3, 17.1.3

TYPE SQL directive, E.75

TYPE_CODE

precompiler option, 10.5.61

U

undo a transaction, E.71

Unicode character set, 5.1.5

unions

cannot be nested in host structures, 4.8.3

not permitted as host structures, 4.8.3

universal ROWID, 4.1.2.9

UNIX

linking a Pro*C application under, 1.8.11

UNSAFE_NULL precompiler option, 10.5.62

UNSIGNED datatype, 4.1.2.14

UPDATE SQL statement, E.76

UPDATE statement

embedded SQL examples, E.76

example of, 6.3.2.1

purpose of, 6.3.2.1

SET clause in, 6.3.3

using host arrays in, 8.6

WHERE clause in, 6.3.3

updating

rows in tables and views, E.76

use

thread context, 11.4.2.3, E.21

user configuration file

to set precompiler options, 10.2.3

user exits

calling from a SQL*Forms trigger, 20.6

common uses for, 20.2

example of, 20.9

kinds of statements allowed in, 20.4

linking into IAP, 20.13

meaning of codes returned by, 20.8

naming, 20.14.1

passing parameters to, 20.7

requirements for variables in, 20.4.1

running the GENXTB form, 20.12

running the GENXTB utility for, 20.12

use of WHENEVER statement in, 20.8.2

User Exits, D.1.13

user session

definition of, 3.3

user-defined record, 7.1.7

user-defined stored function

used in WHERE clause, 6.3.5

user-defined type equivalencing, E.75

USERID option

when required, 10.5.63

USERID OTT parameter, 19.5.2.1

USERID precompiler option, 10.5.63

using with the SQLCHECK option, C.3.1.1

usernames

defining, 3.1

using C structures, 17.12

USING clause

in CONNECT statement, 3.2.4.1

in the EXECUTE statement, 13.8.1

of FETCH statement, E.36

of OPEN statement, E.67

purpose of, 13.8.1

using indicator variables in, 13.8.1

using collection types, 17.13

using dbstring

Oracle Net database specification string, E.16

Using REFs in Embedded SQL, 17.13.3

V

V variable in SQLDA

how value is set, 15.3.2

purpose of, 15.3.2

value of DBMS option, 10.5.15, 10.5.16

VALUES clause

in INS, 6.3.2

of embedded SQL INSERT statement, E.40

of INSERT statement, E.40

use of subqueries in, 6.3.2.1

VAR directive

examples, E.77

VAR SQL directive, E.77

VAR statement

syntax for, 5.3.1, 5.3.2

VARCHAR

arrays of, 8.2

VARCHAR datatype, 4.1.2.8

VARCHAR precompiler option, 10.5.65

VARCHAR pseudotype

requirements for using with PL/SQL, 7.3.3

VARCHAR variables

advantages of, 4.4.1

declaring, 4.4.1

length member in, 4.4.1

must be passed to a function by reference, 4.4.5

specifying the length of, 4.4.1

structure of, 4.4.1

using macros to define length of, 5.4.1

versus character arrays, 5.1.4.2

VARCHAR2 datatype, 4.1.2.1, 5.3.3

variables, 2.1.5

cursor, 4.5

host, 18.2.1

indicator, 18.2.1

VARNUM datatype, 4.1.2.6

VARRAW datatype, 4.1.2.12

varrays

creation, 18.1.2

varying length arrays, 18.1.2

VERSION precompiler option, 10.5.66, 17.8.1

views

inserting rows into, E.40

updating rows in, E.76

VMS

linking a precompiler application, 1.8.11

W

warning flags

use in error reporting, 9.6.2

WHENEVER directive

examples, E.78

WHENEVER SQL directive, E.78

WHENEVER statement

automatic checking of SQLCA with, 9.9.1

CONTINUE action in, 9.9.2.1

DO action in, 9.9.2.2

DO BREAK action in, 9.9.2.3

DO CONTINUE action in, 9.9.2.4

examples of, 9.9.3

GOTO action in, 9.9.2.5

guidelines for, 9.9.6

maintaining addressability for, 9.9.6.4

NOT FOUND condition in, 9.9.1.3

overview of, 2.1.11

scope of, 9.9.5

SQLERROR condition in, 9.9.1.2

SQLWARNING condition in, 9.9.1.1

STOP action in, 9.9.2.6

use in user exits, 20.8.2

using to avoid infinite loops, 9.9.6.3

using to handle end-of-data conditions, 9.9.6.2

where to place, 9.9.6.1

WHERE clause

host arrays in, 8.9

if omitted, 6.3.5

in DELETE statements, 6.3.4

in SELECT statements, 6.3.1

in UPDATE statements, 6.3.3

purpose of, 6.3.5

search condition in, 6.3.5

WHERE CURRENT OF clause

CURRENT OF clause, 6.9

WITH HOLD

clause of DECLARE CURSOR statement, 6.5.1

WORK option

of COMMIT statement, E.15

of ROLLBACK statement, E.71

X

X variable in SQLDA

how value is set, 15.3.10

purpose of, 15.3.10

XA interface, 5.12

X/Open, 5.12

application development, 5.12

Y

Y variable in SQLDA

how value is set, 15.3.11

purpose of, 15.3.11

Z

Z variable in SQLDA

how value is set, 15.3.12

purpose of, 15.3.12