Oracle® Database

1 Reviewing Information About This Guide

This guide describes how to install Oracle Database by using the default installation options.

Tasks Described in This Guide

The procedures in this guide describe how to:

• Configure your system to support Oracle Database

• Install Oracle Database on a local file system by using the Typical Installation option

• Configure a general-purpose Oracle Database installation that uses the local file system for database file storage

Results of a Successful Installation

After you successfully install Oracle Database:

• The database that you created and the default Oracle Net listener process run on the system.

• Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control run and can be accessed by using a Web browser.

Tasks Not Described in This Guide

This guide covers the Typical Installation scenario and does not describe how to complete the following tasks:

• Using the Advanced Installation option to install the software

• Installing the software on a system that has an existing Oracle software installation

• Installing Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) on a cluster

• Enabling Enterprise Manager e-mail notifications or automated backups

• Enabling core file creation

• Verifying UDP and TCP kernel parameters

• Using alternative storage options such as Automatic Storage Management

• Installing and configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure

Where to Get Additional Installation Information

For more information about installing Oracle Database, including information about the tasks not described in this guide, refer to one of the following guides:

• If you want to install the software on a single system, then refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide.

• If you want to install Oracle grid infrastructure for a standalone server, then refer to the "Oracle Grid Infrastructure" chapter in Oracle Database Installation Guide.

• If you want to perform a Oracle Real Application Clusters installation, then refer to Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide and Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide. These guides describe how to install Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters. Oracle clusterware is a prerequisite for Oracle Real Application Clusters installations.

All these guides are available on the product disc. To access them, use a Web browser to open the welcome.htm file located in the top-level directory of the media. Platform-specific documentation is available in PDF and HTML formats in the Documentation section..

2 Logging In to the System as root

Before you install Oracle Database, you must complete several tasks as the root user. To log in as the root user, complete one of the following procedures:

• If you are installing the software from an X Window System workstation or X terminal, then perform the following:

  1. Start a local terminal session, for example, an X terminal (xterm).

  2. If you are not installing the software on the local system, then enter the following command to enable the remote host to display X applications on the local X server:

     $ xhost fully_qualified_remote_host_name
     

     For example:

     $ xhost somehost.us.example.com
     

  3. If you are not installing the software on the local system, then use the ssh, rlogin, or telnet command to connect to the system where you want to install the software:

     $ telnet fully_qualified_remote_host_name
     

  4. If you are not logged in as the root user, then enter the following command to switch user to root:

     $ su - root
     password:
     #
     

• If you are installing the software from a PC or other system with X server software installed, then:

  Note:

  If necessary, refer to your X server documentation for more information about completing this procedure. Depending on the X server software that you are using, you may need to complete the tasks in a different order.

  1. Start the X server software.

  2. Configure the security settings of the X server software to permit remote hosts to display X applications on the local system.

  3. Connect to the remote system where you want to install the software, and start a terminal session on that system, for example, an X terminal (xterm).

  4. If you are not logged in as the root user on the remote system, then enter the following command to switch user to root:

     $ su - root
     password:
     #
     

3 Checking the Hardware Requirements

The system must meet the following minimum hardware requirements:

• Memory Requirements

• System Architecture

• Disk Space Requirements

# /bin/isainfo -kv

4 Checking the Software Requirements

Depending on the products that you intend to install, verify that the following software are installed on the system.

• Operating System Requirements

• Package Requirements

• Compiler Requirements

• Additional Software Requirements

• Patch Requirements

# uname -r
5.10

$ cat /etc/release

# pkginfo -i SUNWarc SUNWbtool SUNWhea SUNWlibC SUNWlibms SUNWsprot \
  SUNWtoo SUNWi1of SUNWi1cs SUNWi15cs SUNWxwfnt

140797-01
140900-01
141017-01
141415-10
141737-05

# /usr/sbin/patchadd -p | grep patch_number(without version number)

# /usr/sbin/patchadd -p | grep 119963

http://sunsolve.sun.com

5 Creating Required Operating System Groups and User

The following local operating system groups and users are required if you are installing Oracle Database:

• The Oracle Inventory group (typically, oinstall)

• The OSDBA group (typically, dba)

• The Oracle software owner (typically, oracle)

• The OSOPER group (Optional. Typically, oper)

To determine whether these groups and users already exist, and if necessary, to create them, follow these steps:

1. To determine whether the oinstall group exists, enter the following command:

   # more /var/opt/oracle/oraInst.loc
   

   If the output of this command shows the oinstall group name, then the group already exists.

   If the oraInst.loc file exists, then the output from this command is similar to the following:

   inventory_loc=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
   inst_group=oinstall
   

   The inst_group parameter shows the name of the Oracle Inventory group, oinstall.

2. To determine whether the dba group exists, enter the following command:

   # grep dba /etc/group
   

   If the output from this commands shows the dba group name, then the group already exists.

3. If necessary, enter the following commands to create the oinstall and dba groups:

   # /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
   # /usr/sbin/groupadd dba
   

4. To determine whether the oracle user exists and belongs to the correct groups, enter the following command:

   # id -a oracle
   

   If the oracle user exists, this command displays information about the groups to which the user belongs. The output should be similar to the following, indicating that oinstall is the primary group and dba is a secondary group:

   uid=440(oracle) gid=200(oinstall) groups=201(dba),202(oper)
   

5. If necessary, complete one of the following actions:

   • If the oracle user exists, but its primary group is not oinstall or it is not a member of the dba group, then enter the following command:

     # /usr/sbin/usermod -g oinstall -G dba oracle
     

   • If the oracle user does not exist, enter the following command to create it:

     # /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
     

     This command creates the oracle user and specifies oinstall as the primary group and dba as the secondary group.

6. Enter the following command to set the password of the oracle user:

   # passwd -r files oracle
   

6 Configuring Kernel Parameters on Oracle Solaris 10

On Oracle Solaris 10, verify that the kernel parameters shown in the following table are set to values greater than or equal to the recommended value shown. The table also contains the resource controls that replace the /etc/system file for a specific kernel parameter. As Oracle Database does not set project information when starting processes, some /etc/system processes that are deprecated but not removed must still be set for Oracle Database.

Use the following procedure to view the current value specified for resource controls, and to change them if necessary:

1. To display the current values of the resource control, enter the following commands:

   $ id -p // to verify the project id
   uid=100(oracle) gid=100(dba) projid=1 (group.dba)
   $ prctl -n project.max-shm-memory -i project group.dba
   $ prctl -n project.max-sem-ids -i project group.dba
   

2. If you must change any of the current values, then:

   1. To modify the value of max-shm-memory to 6 GB:

      # prctl -n project.max-shm-memory -v 6gb -r -i project group.dba
      

   2. To modify the value of max-sem-ids to 256:

      # prctl -n project.max-sem-ids -v 256 -r -i project group.dba
      

Use the following procedure to modify the resource control project settings, so that they persist after a system restart:

1. By default, Oracle instances are run as the oracle user of the dba group. A project with the name group.dba is created to serve as the default project for the oracle user. Run the command id to verify the default project for the oracle user:

   # su - oracle
   $ id -p
   uid=100(oracle) gid=100(dba) projid=100(group.dba)
   $ exit
   

2. To set the maximum shared memory size to 2 GB, run the projmod command:

   # projmod -sK "project.max-shm-memory=(privileged,2G,deny)" group.dba
   

   Alternatively, add the resource control value project.max-shm-memory=(privileged,2147483648,deny) to the last field of the project entries for the Oracle project.

3. After these steps are complete, check the values for the /etc/project file using the following command:

   # cat /etc/project
   

   The output should be similar to the following:

   system:0::::
   user.root:1::::
   noproject:2::::
   default:3::::
   group.staff:10::::
   group.dba:100:Oracle default
   project:::project.max-shmmemory=(privileged,2147483648,deny)
       
   

4. To verify that the resource control is active, check process ownership, and run the commands id and prctl, as in the following example:

   # su - oracle
   $ id -p
   uid=100(oracle) gid=100(dba) projid=100(group.dba)
   $ prctl -n project.max-shm-memory -i process $$
   process: 5754: -bash
   NAME                    PRIVILEGE     VALUE     FLAG     ACTION    RECIPIENT
   project.max-shm-memory  privileged    2.00GB     -       deny 
   

   Note:

   The value for the maximum shared memory depends on the SGA requirements and should be set to a value greater than the SGA size.

   For additional information, refer to the Oracle Solaris Tunable Parameters Reference Manual.

7 Configure Shell Limits

Oracle recommends that you set shell limits and system configuration parameters as described in this section.

The ulimit settings determine process memory related resource limits. Verify that the shell limits displayed in the following table are set to the values shown:

To display the current value specified for these shell limits enter the following commands:

ulimit -t
ulimit -f
ulimit -d
ulimit -s
ulimit -n
ulimit -v

8 Creating Required Directories

Create directories with names similar to the following, and specify the correct owner, group, and permissions for them:

• The Oracle base directory

• An optional Oracle data file directory

Before you create an Oracle base directory, you must identify an appropriate file system with sufficient free disk space.

To determine where to create these directories:

1. Enter the following command to display information about all mounted file systems:

   # df -k
   

   This command displays information about all the file systems mounted on the system, including:

   • The physical device name

   • The total amount, used amount, and available amount of disk space, in kilobytes

   • The mount point directory for that file system

2. From the display, identify either one or two file systems that meet the disk space requirements mentioned earlier in this section.

3. Note the name of the mount point directory for each file system that you identified.

In the following examples, /u01 is the mount point directory used for the software, and /u02 is the mount point directory used for the Oracle data file directory. You must specify the appropriate mount point directories for the file systems on your system.

To create the required directories and specify the correct owner, group, and permissions for them:

1. Enter the following command to create subdirectories in the mount point directory that you identified for the Oracle base directory:

   # mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
   

2. If you intend to use a second file system for the Oracle Database files, then create an oradata subdirectory in the mount point directory that you identified for the Oracle data file directory (shown as /u02 in the examples):

   # mkdir /u02/oradata
   

3. Change the owner and group of the directories that you created to the oracle user and the oinstall group:

   # chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
   # chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/oradata
   

4. Change the permissions on the directories that you created to 775:

   # chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle
   # chmod -R 775 /u02/oradata
   

9 Configuring the oracle User's Environment

You run Oracle Universal Installer from the oracle account. However, before you start Oracle Universal Installer, you must configure the environment of the oracle user. To configure the environment, you must:

• Set the default file mode creation mask (umask) to 022 in the shell startup file.

• Set the DISPLAY environment variable.

To set the oracle user's environment:

1. Start a new terminal session, for example, an X terminal (xterm).

2. Enter the following command to ensure that X Window applications can display on this system:

   $ xhost fully_qualified_remote_host_name
   

   For example:

   $ xhost somehost.us.example.com
   

3. If you are not already logged in to the system where you want to install the software, then log in to that system as the oracle user.

4. If you are not logged in as the oracle user, then switch user to oracle:

   $ su - oracle
   

5. To determine the default shell for the oracle user, enter the following command:

   $ echo $SHELL
   

6. To run the shell startup script, enter one of the following commands:

   • Bash shell:

     $ . ./.bash_profile
     

   • Bourne or Korn shell:

     $ . ./.profile
     

   • C shell:

     % source ./.login
     

7. If you are not installing the software on the local computer, then run the following command on the remote machine to set the DISPLAY variable:

   • Bourne, Bash or Korn shell:

     $ export DISPLAY=local_host:0.0      
     

   • C shell:

     % setenv DISPLAY local_host:0.0
     

   In this example, local_host is the host name or IP address of the local computer that you want to use to display Oracle Universal Installer.

   Run the following command on the remote machine to check if the shell and the DISPLAY environmental variable are set correctly:

   echo $SHELL
   echo $DISPLAY
   

   Now to enable X applications, run the following commands on the local computer:

   $ xhost + fully_qualified_remote_host_name
   

   To verify that X applications display is set properly, run a X11 based program that comes with the operating system such as xclock:

   $ xclock
   

   In this example, you can find xclock at /usr/X11R6/bin/xclocks. If the DISPLAY variable is set properly, then you can see xclock on your computer screen.

   See Also:

   PC-X Server or operating system vendor documents for further assistance

8. If you determined that the /tmp directory has less than 1 GB of free disk space, then identify a file system with at least 1 GB of free space and set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables to specify a temporary directory on this file system:

   1. To determine the free disk space on each mounted file system use the following command:

      # df -h /tmp
      

   2. If necessary, enter commands similar to the following to create a temporary directory on the file system that you identified, and set the appropriate permissions on the directory:

      $ sudo mkdir /mount_point/tmp
      $ sudo chmod a+wr /mount_point/tmp
      # exit
      

   3. Enter commands similar to the following to set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables:

      • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

        $ TMP=/mount_point/tmp
        $ TMPDIR=/mount_point/tmp
        $ export TMP TMPDIR
        

      • C shell:

        % setenv TMP /mount_point/tmp
        % setenv TMPDIR /mount_point/tmp
        

9. Enter commands similar to the following to set the ORACLE_BASE and ORACLE_SID environment variables:

   • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

     $ ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
     $ ORACLE_SID=sales
     $ export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID
     

   • C shell:

     % setenv ORACLE_BASE /u01/app/oracle
     % setenv ORACLE_SID sales
     

   In this example, /u01/app/oracle is the Oracle base directory that you created or identified earlier and sales is the name that you want to call the database (typically no more than five characters).

10. Enter the following commands to ensure that the ORACLE_HOME and TNS_ADMIN environment variables are not set:

    • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

      $ unset ORACLE_HOME
      $ unset TNS_ADMIN
      

    • C shell:

      % unsetenv ORACLE_HOME
      % unsetenv TNS_ADMIN
      

    Note:

    If the ORACLE_HOME environment variable is set, then Oracle Universal Installer uses the value that it specifies as the default path for the Oracle home directory. However, if you set the ORACLE_BASE environment variable, then Oracle recommends that you unset the ORACLE_HOME environment variable and choose the default path suggested by Oracle Universal Installer.

10 Mounting the Product Disc

On most Oracle Solaris systems, the product disc mounts automatically when you insert it into the drive. If the disc does not mount automatically, then follow these steps to mount it:

1. Switch user to root:

   $ su - root
   

2. If necessary, enter a command similar to the following to eject the currently mounted disc, then remove it from the drive:

   # eject
   

3. Insert the disc into the disc drive.

4. To verify that the disc mounted automatically, enter a command similar to the following:

   # ls /dvd/dvd0
   

5. If this command fails to display the contents of the disc, then enter a command similar to the following:

   # /usr/sbin/mount -r -F hsfs /dev/dsk/cxtydzs2 /dvd
   

   In this example, /dvd is the disc mount point directory and /dev/dsk/cxtydzs2 is the device name for the disc device, for example /dev/dsk/c0t2d0s2.

6. If Oracle Universal Installer displays the Disk Location dialog box, then enter the disc mount point directory path. For example:

   • Disc mounted automatically:

     /dvd/dvd0
     

   • Disc mounted manually:

     /dvd
     

11 Installing Oracle Database

After configuring the oracle user's environment, start Oracle Universal Installer and install Oracle Database as follows:

1. To start Oracle Universal Installer, enter the following command:

   $ /mount_point/db/runInstaller
   

   If Oracle Universal Installer does not start, then refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for information about how to troubleshoot X Window display problems.

2. The following table describes the recommended action for each Oracle Universal Installer screen. Use the following guidelines to complete the installation:

   • If you need more assistance, or if you want to choose an option that is not a default, then click Help for additional information.

   • If you encounter errors while installing or linking the software, then refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for information about troubleshooting.

   Note:

   If you have completed the tasks listed previously, then you can complete the installation by choosing the default values on most screens.

   Screen	Recommended Action
   Configure Security Updates	Enter your e-mail address, preferably your My Oracle Support (formerly OracleMetaLink) e-mail address or user name in the Email field. You can select the I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support check box to receive security updates. Enter your My Oracle Support password in the My Oracle Support Password field. Click Next.
   Download Software Updates	Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2), you can use the Software Updates feature to dynamically download and apply latest updates. Select one of the following options and click Next: Use My Oracle Support credentials for download: Select this option to download and apply the latest software updates. Click Proxy Settings to configure a proxy for Oracle Universal Installer to use to connect to the Internet. Provide the proxy server information for your site, along with a user account that has access to the local area network through which the server is connecting. Click Test Connection to ensure that your proxy settings are correctly entered, and the installer can download the updates. Use pre-downloaded software updates: Select this option to apply previously downloaded software updates. Skip Software Updates: Select this option if you do not want to apply any updates.
   Apply Software Updates	This screen is displayed if you select to download the software updates or provide the pre-downloaded software downloads location. If you selected Use My Oracle Support credentials for download in the previous screen, select Download and apply all updates, and then click Next. If you selected Use pre-downloaded software updates in the previous screen, select Apply all updates, and then click Next.
   Select Installation Option	Select Create and configure a database from the following list of available options, then click Next: Create and configure a database Install database software only Upgrade an existing database
   System Class	Select Server Class from the following options to install the database, and click Next. Desktop Class: Choose this option if you are installing on a laptop or desktop class system. Server Class: Choose this option if you are installing on a server class system, such as what you would use when deploying Oracle in a production data center.
   Grid Installation Options	Select Single instance database installation for the type of database installation you want to perform, and click Next. Single instance database installation: This option installs the database and the listener. Real Application Clusters database installation: This option installs Oracle Real Application Clusters. Oracle RAC One Node database installation: This option installs the Oracle RAC One Node database. Note: Oracle RAC One Node is supported only with Oracle Clusterware.
   Select Install Type	Select Typical Install as the installation type from the following options, and click Next: Typical Install: This installation method is selected by default. It lets you quickly install Oracle Database using minimal input. Advanced Install: This installation method enables to perform more complex installations.
   Typical Install Configuration	Enter the following information as per your requirements: Oracle base: The Oracle base path appears by default. You can change the path based on your requirement. Software location: In the Software Location section, accept the default value or enter the Oracle home directory path in which you want to install Oracle components. The directory path should not contain spaces. Storage Type: Select File System, or Oracle Automatic Storage Management as the database storage option. Database file location: If you select File System as your storage type, then click Browse and specify a database file location. ASMSNMP Password: If you select Oracle Automatic Storage Management as your Storage Type, then specify the password for the ASMSNMP user. Database edition: Select the database edition that you want to install. OSDBA Group: The OSDBA group is selected by default. You can also select the OSDBA group from the list. Global database name: Specify the Global Database Name using the following syntax: database_name.domain For example, sales.us.example.com Administrative password: Enter the password for the privileged database account. Confirm Password: Reenter, and confirm the password for the privileged database account. Click Next to continue.
   Create Inventory	This screen is displayed only during the first installation of Oracle products on a system. Specify the full path of the Oracle Inventory directory. Ensure that the operating system group selected is oinstall. Click Next to continue.
   Perform Prerequisite Checks	Verify that all the prerequisite checks succeed, and then click Next. Oracle Universal Installer checks the system to verify that it is configured correctly to run Oracle software. If you have completed all the preinstallation steps in this guide, all the checks should pass. If a check fails, then review the cause of the failure listed for that check on the screen. If possible, rectify the problem and rerun the check. Alternatively, if you are satisfied that your system meets the requirements, then you can select the check box for the failed check to manually verify the requirement. Note: Oracle recommends that you use caution in checking the Ignore All option. If you check this option, then Oracle Universal Installer may not confirm that your system is able to install Oracle Database successfully.
   Summary	Review the information displayed on this screen, and then click Install. Note: Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), you can save all the installation steps into a response file by clicking Save Response File. Later, this file can be used for a silent installation.
   Install Product	This screen states the progress of a database installation. After the database is installed, you are prompted to execute some root configuration script for new inventory as the root user. Click Next. This screen then displays the status information for the configuration assistants that configure the software and create a database. Finally, a message is displayed at the end of Database Configuration Assistant process, and click OK. Execute the root.sh script as the root user to complete the installation and click OK.
   Finish	This screen is shown automatically when all the configuration tools are successful. Click Close.

   
   

12 Installing Oracle Database Examples

If you plan to use the following products or features, then download and install the products from the Oracle Database Examples media:

• Oracle JDBC Development Drivers

• Oracle Database Examples

• Various Oracle product demonstrations

For information about installing software and various Oracle product demonstrations from the Oracle Database Examples media, refer to Oracle Database Examples Installation Guide.

13 What to Do Next?

To become familiar with this release of Oracle Database, it is recommended that you complete the following tasks:

• Log in to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control using a Web browser.

  Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control is a Web-based application that you can use to manage a single Oracle Database installation. The default URL for Database Control is similar to the following:

  http://host.domain:1158/em/
  

  To log in, use the user name SYS and connect as SYSDBA. Use the password that you specified for this user during the Oracle Database 10g installation.

• Refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for information about required and optional postinstallation tasks, depending on the products that you want to use.

• Refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for information about how to use Database Control to learn about the configuration of your installed database.

• To learn more about using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control to administer a database, refer to Oracle Database 2 Day DBA.

  The Oracle Database 2 Day DBA is designed for new Oracle DBAs and describes how to use Database Control to manage all aspects of an Oracle Database installation. It also provides information about how to enable e-mail notifications and automated backups, which you might not have configured during the installation.

14 Additional Information

This section contains information about the following:

• Product Licenses

• Purchasing Licenses and Version Updates

• Contacting Oracle Support Services

• Locating Product Documentation

Product Licenses

You are welcome to install and evaluate the products included in this media pack for 30 days under the terms of the Trial License Agreement. However, you must purchase a program license if you want to continue using any product after the 30 day evaluation period. See the following section for information about purchasing program licenses.

Purchasing Licenses and Version Updates

You can purchase program licenses and updated versions of Oracle products from the Oracle Store Web site:

https://shop.oracle.com

Contacting Oracle Support Services

If you have purchased Oracle Product Support, you can call Oracle Support Services for assistance 24 hours a day, seven days a week. For information about purchasing Oracle Product Support or contacting Oracle Support Services, go to the Oracle Support Services Web site:

http://www.oracle.com/support

Locating Product Documentation

Product documentation includes information about configuring, using, or administering Oracle products on any platform. The product documentation for Oracle Database 11g products is available in both HTML and PDF formats in the following locations:

• On the Oracle Database Documentation Library media:

  Use a Web browser to view or open the index.htm file in the top-level directory on the media.

• From the Oracle Technology Network (OTN) Web site:

  http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/indexes/documentation/index.html
  

To view PDF documents, download the free Adobe Acrobat Reader from the Adobe Web site, if necessary:

http://www.adobe.com

15 Documentation Accessibility

For information about Oracle's commitment to accessibility, visit the Oracle Accessibility Program website at http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=docacc.

Access to Oracle Support

Oracle customers have access to electronic support through My Oracle Support. For information, visit http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=info or visit http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=trs if you are hearing impaired.