Oracle® Database

1 Reviewing Information About This Guide

This guide describes how to install Oracle Database by using the default installation options.

Tasks Described in This Guide

The procedures in this guide describe how to:

• Configure your system to support Oracle Database

• Install Oracle Database on a local file system by using the Typical Installation option

• Configure a general-purpose Oracle Database installation that uses the local file system for database file storage

Results of a Successful Installation

After you successfully install Oracle Database:

• The database that you created and the default Oracle Net listener process run on the system.

• Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express runs on the system and can be accessed using a web browser.

Tasks Not Described in This Guide

This guide covers the Typical Installation scenario and does not describe how to complete the following tasks:

• Using the Advanced Installation option to install the software

• Installing the software on a system that has an existing Oracle software installation

• Installing Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters on a cluster

• Setting UDP and TCP kernel parameters manually

• Using alternative storage options such as Oracle Automatic Storage Management

• Installing and configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure

Where to Get Additional Installation Information

For more information about installing Oracle Database, including information about the tasks not described in this guide, refer to one of the following guides:

• If you want to install the software on a single system, then refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide.

• If you want to install Oracle grid infrastructure for a standalone server, then refer to the "Oracle Grid Infrastructure" chapter in Oracle Database Installation Guide.

• If you want to perform an Oracle Real Application Clusters installation, then refer to Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide and Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide for Linux and UNIX. These guides describe how to install Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters. Oracle clusterware is a prerequisite for Oracle Real Application Clusters installations.

The product documentation for Oracle Database products is available in both HTML and PDF formats online:

http://docs.oracle.com/

2 Logging In to the System as root

During installation, you must perform tasks as root or as other users on remote terminals. Complete the following procedure for user accounts that you want to enable for remote display.

To log in as the root user and enable remote display, complete one of the following procedures:

• If you are installing the software from an X Window System workstation or X terminal, then:

  1. Start a new X terminal session (xterm).

  2. If you are installing the software on another system and using the system as an X11 display, then enter a command using the following syntax to enable remote hosts to display X applications on the local X server:

     $ xhost + RemoteHost
     

     where RemoteHost is the fully qualified remote host name. For example:

     $ xhost + somehost.example.com
     somehost.example.com being added to the access control list
     

  3. If you are not installing the software on the local system, then use the ssh, rlogin, or telnet command to connect to the system where you want to install the software:

     $ ssh -Y RemoteHost
     

  4. If you are not logged in as the root user, then enter the following command to switch the user to root:

     $ su - root
     password:
     #
     

• To install the software from a PC or other system with X server software:

  Note:

  If necessary, see the X server documentation, or contact your X server vendor or system administrator for more information about completing this procedure. Depending on the X server software that you are using, you may have to complete the tasks in a different order.

  1. Start the X Window System software.

  2. Configure the security settings of the X Window System software to permit remote hosts to display X applications on the local system.

  3. Connect to the remote system where you want to install the software as the oracle software installation owner (oracle) and start an X terminal session (xterm) on that system.

  4. Open another terminal on the remote system, and log in as the root user on the remote system, so you can run scripts as root when prompted.

3 Configuring Servers for Oracle Database

This section describes the following operating system tasks you must complete before you install Oracle Database:

• Checking Server Hardware and Memory Configuration

• General Server Minimum Requirements

• Server Storage Minimum Requirements

• Server Memory Minimum Requirements

4 Reviewing Operating System Security Common Practices

Secure operating systems are an important basis for general system security. Ensure that your operating system deployment is in compliance with common security practices as described in your operating system vendor security guide.

5 About Operating System Requirements

Depending on the products that you intend to install, verify that you have the required operating system kernel and packages installed.

Requirements listed in this document are current as of the date listed on the title page. To obtain the most current information about kernel requirements, see the online version at the following URL:

http://docs.oracle.com/

Oracle Universal Installer performs checks your system to verify that it meets the listed operating system package requirements. To ensure that these checks complete successfully, verify the requirements before you start OUI.

6 Operating System Requirements for Oracle Solaris on x86-64 (64-Bit)

The following Oracle Solaris kernels and packages listed are supported on x86-64 (64-bit) systems for Oracle Database and Oracle Grid Infrastructure 12c:

• Supported Oracle Solaris 11 Releases for x86-64 (64-Bit)

• Supported Oracle Solaris 10 Releases for x86-64 (64-Bit)

SUNWarc
SUNWbtool
SUNWcsl
SUNWdtrc
SUNWeu8os
SUNWhea
SUNWi1cs (ISO8859-1)
SUNWi15cs (ISO8859-15)
SUNWi1of
SUNWlibC
SUNWlibm
SUNWlibms
SUNWsprot
SUNWtoo
SUNWxwfnt
147441-25

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/solaris-font-requirements-142758.html

7 Additional Drivers and Software Packages for Oracle Solaris

You are not required to install additional drivers and packages, but you may choose to install or configure drivers and packages in the following list:

• Installation Requirements for Open Database Connectivity

• Installation Requirements for Oracle Messaging Gateway

• Installation Requirements for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

• Installation Requirements for Programming Environments for Oracle Solaris

• Installation Requirements for Web Browsers

unixODBC-2.3.1 or later

https://support.oracle.com

8 Checking the Software Requirements

To ensure that the system meets these requirements, follow these steps:

1. To determine which version of Oracle Solaris is installed, enter the following command:

   # uname -r
   5.11
   

   In this example, the version shown is Oracle Solaris 11 (5.11).

2. To determine the release level enter the following command:

   # cat /etc/release
   

3. To determine if the required packages are installed, enter the following command:

   On Oracle Solaris 10

   pkginfo -i pkg_name
   

   On Oracle Solaris 11

   pkg list pkg_name
   

   Where pkg_name is the name of the package to check.

   For example, to determine if the required Oracle Solaris 10 packages are installed, enter a command similar to the following:

   # pkginfo -i SUNWarc SUNWbtool SUNWhea SUNWlibC SUNWlibm SUNWlibms SUNWsprot \
    SUNWtoo SUNWi1of SUNWi1cs SUNWi15cs SUNWxwfnt SUNWcsl SUNWdtrc
   

   If a package that is required for your system architecture is not installed, then install it. Refer to your operating system or software documentation for information about installing packages.

   See Also:

   "Verifying Operating System Packages on Oracle Solaris 11"

9 Verifying Operating System Packages on Oracle Solaris 11

Use the following command to check if you have the required packages:

# /usr/bin/pkg verify [-Hqv] [pkg_pattern ...]

The -H option omits the headers from the verification output.

The -q option prints nothing but return failure if any fatal errors are found.

The -v option includes informational messages regarding packages.

If a package that is required for your system architecture is not installed, then download install it from My Oracle Support:

https://support.oracle.com

10 Verifying Operating System Patches on Oracle Solaris 10

Verify that you have the required operating system patches. To ensure that the system meets these requirements, use the following procedure:

1. To determine whether an operating system patch is installed, and whether it is the correct version of the patch, enter a command similar to the following:

   # /usr/sbin/patchadd -p | grep patch_number
   

   For example, to determine if any version of the 119963 patch is installed, use the following command:

   # /usr/sbin/patchadd -p | grep 119963
   

   If an operating system patch is not installed, then download and install it from My Oracle Support:

   https://support.oracle.com
   

11 Creating Required Operating System Groups and User

The following local operating system groups and users are required if you are installing Oracle Database:

• The Oracle Inventory group (typically, oinstall)

• The OSDBA group (typically, dba)

• The Oracle software owner (typically, oracle)

• The OSOPER group (Optional. Typically, oper)

To determine whether these groups and users exist, and if necessary, to create them, follow these steps:

1. To determine whether the oinstall group exists, enter the following command:

   # more /var/opt/oracle/oraInst.loc
   

   If the output of this command shows the oinstall group name, then the group exists.

   If the oraInst.loc file exists, then the output from this command is similar to the following:

   inventory_loc=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
   inst_group=oinstall
   

   The inst_group parameter shows the name of the Oracle Inventory group, oinstall.

2. To determine whether the dba group exists, enter the following command:

   # grep dba /etc/group
   

   If the output from this commands shows the dba group name, then the group exists.

3. If necessary, enter the following commands to create the oinstall and dba groups:

   # /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
   # /usr/sbin/groupadd dba
   

4. To determine whether the oracle user exists and belongs to the correct groups, enter the following command:

   # id -a oracle
   

   If the oracle user exists, this command displays information about the groups to which the user belongs. The output should be similar to the following, indicating that oinstall is the primary group and dba is a secondary group:

   uid=440(oracle) gid=200(oinstall) groups=201(dba),202(oper)
   

5. If necessary, complete one of the following actions:

   • If the oracle user exists, but its primary group is not oinstall or it is not a member of the dba group, then enter the following command:

     # /usr/sbin/usermod -g oinstall -G dba oracle
     

     Oracle does not support modifying an existing installation owner. See Oracle Database Installation Guide for more information.

   • If the oracle user does not exist, enter the following command to create it:

     # /usr/sbin/useradd -d /export/home/oracle -m -s /bin/bash -g oinstall -G dba oracle
     

     This command creates the oracle user and specifies oinstall as the primary group and dba as the secondary group.

6. Enter the following command to set the password of the oracle user:

   # passwd -r files oracle
   

12 Configuring Kernel Parameters on Oracle Solaris

This section contains the following topics:

• Minimum Parameter Settings for Installation

• Requirements for Shared Memory Resources

• Checking Shared Memory Resource Controls

• Displaying and Changing Kernel Parameter Values

# prctl -n project.max-shm-memory -i project default

prctl -n project.max-shm-memory -v 6gb -r -i project default

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E23824_01/index.html

13 Configuring Shell Limits for Oracle Solaris

Oracle recommends that you set shell limits and system configuration parameters as described in this section.

The ulimit settings determine process memory related resource limits. Verify that the shell limits displayed in the following table are set to the values shown:

To display the current value specified for these shell limits enter the following commands:

ulimit -s
ulimit -n

14 Creating Required Directories

Create directories with names similar to the following, and specify the correct owner, group, and permissions for them:

• The Oracle base directory

• An optional Oracle data file directory

Before you create an Oracle base directory, you must identify an appropriate file system with sufficient free disk space.

To determine where to create these directories:

1. Enter the following command to display information about all mounted file systems:

   # df -k
   

   This command displays information about all the file systems mounted on the system, including:

   • The physical device name

   • The total amount, used amount, and available amount of disk space, in kilobytes

   • The mount point directory for that file system

2. From the display, identify either one or two file systems that meet the disk space requirements mentioned earlier in this section.

3. Note the name of the mount point directory for each file system that you identified.

In the following examples, /u01 is the mount point directory used for the software, and /u02 is the mount point directory used for the Oracle data file directory. You must specify the appropriate mount point directories for the file systems on your system.

To create the required directories and specify the correct owner, group, and permissions for them:

1. Enter the following command to create subdirectories in the mount point directory that you identified for the Oracle base directory:

   # mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
   

2. If you intend to use a second file system for the Oracle Database files, then create an oradata subdirectory in the mount point directory that you identified for the Oracle data file directory (shown as /u02 in the examples):

   # mkdir /u02/oradata
   

3. Change the owner and group of the directories that you created to the oracle user and the oinstall group:

   # chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
   # chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/oradata
   

4. Change the permissions on the directories that you created to 775:

   # chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle
   # chmod -R 775 /u02/oradata
   

15 Configuring Oracle Software Owner Environment

You run Oracle Universal Installer from the oracle account. However, before you start Oracle Universal Installer you must configure the environment of the oracle user. To configure the environment, you must:

• Set the default file mode creation mask (umask) to 022 in the shell startup file.

• Set the DISPLAY environment variable.

To set the oracle user's environment:

1. Start a new X terminal session (xterm).

2. Enter the following command to ensure that X Window applications can display on this system:

   $ xhost + RemoteHost
   

   where RemoteHost is the fully qualified remote host name. For example:

   $ xhost + somehost.example.com
   

3. If you are not logged in to the system where you want to install the software, then log in to that system as the oracle user.

4. If you are not logged in as the oracle user, then switch user to oracle:

   $ su - oracle
   

5. To determine the default shell for the oracle user, enter the following command:

   $ echo $SHELL
   

6. To run the shell startup script, enter one of the following commands:

   • Bash shell:

     $ . ./.bash_profile
     

   • Bourne or Korn shell:

     $ . ./.profile
     

   • C shell:

     % source ./.login
     

7. If you are not installing the software on the local system, then enter a command similar to the following to direct X applications to display on the local system:

   • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

     $ DISPLAY=local_host:0.0
     

   • C shell:

     % setenv DISPLAY local_host:0.0
     

   In this example, local_host is the host name or IP address of the system to use to display Oracle Universal Installer (your workstation or PC).

8. If you determined that the /tmp directory has less than 400 MB of free disk space, then identify a file system with at least 400 MB of free space and set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables to specify a temporary directory on this file system:

   1. To determine the free disk space on each mounted file system, use the following command:

      # df -k 
      

   2. If necessary, enter commands similar to the following to create a temporary directory on the file system that you identified, and set the appropriate permissions on the directory:

      $ sudo mkdir /mount_point/tmp
      $ sudo chmod a+wr /mount_point/tmp
      # exit
      

   3. Enter commands similar to the following to set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables:

      • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

        $ TMP=/mount_point/tmp
        $ TMPDIR=/mount_point/tmp
        $ export TMP TMPDIR
        

      • C shell:

        % setenv TMP /mount_point/tmp
        % setenv TMPDIR /mount_point/tmp
        

9. If you have had an existing installation on your system, and you are using the same user account to install this installation, then unset the ORACLE_HOME, ORACLE_BASE, ORACLE_SID, TNS_ADMIN environment variables and any other environment variable set for the Oracle installation user that is connected with Oracle software homes.

   Enter the following commands to ensure that the ORACLE_HOME, ORACLE_BASE, ORACLE_SID and TNS_ADMIN environment variables are not set:

   • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

     $ unset ORACLE_HOME
     $ unset ORACLE_BASE
     $ unset ORACLE_SID
     $ unset TNS_ADMIN
     

   • C shell:

     % unsetenv ORACLE_HOME
     % unsetenv ORACLE_BASE
     % unsetenv ORACLE_SID
     % unsetenv TNS_ADMIN
     

   Use the following command to check the PATH environment variable:

   $ echo $PATH
   

   Ensure that the $ORACLE_HOME/bin path is removed from your PATH environment variable.

   Note:

   If the ORACLE_HOME environment variable is set, then Oracle Universal Installer uses the value that it specifies as the default path for the Oracle home directory. If you set the ORACLE_BASE environment variable, then Oracle recommends that you unset the ORACLE_HOME environment variable and choose the default path suggested by Oracle Universal Installer.

10. To verify that the environment has been set correctly, enter the following commands:

    $ umask
    $ env | more
    

    Verify that the umask command displays a value of 22, 022, or 0022 and the environment variables that you set in this section have the correct values.

16 Mounting the Product Disc

On most Oracle Solaris systems, the product disc mounts automatically when you insert it into the drive. If the disc does not mount automatically, then follow these steps to mount it:

1. Switch user to root:

   $ su - root
   

2. If necessary, enter a command similar to the following to eject the currently mounted disc, then remove it from the drive:

   # eject
   

3. Insert the disc into the disc drive.

4. To verify that the disc mounted automatically, enter a command similar to the following:

   # ls /dvd/dvd0
   

5. If this command fails to display the contents of the disc, then enter a command similar to the following:

   # /usr/sbin/mount -r -F hsfs /dev/dsk/cxtydzs2 /dvd
   

   In this example, /dvd is the disc mount point directory and /dev/dsk/cxtydzs2 is the device name for the disc device, for example /dev/dsk/c0t2d0s2.

6. If Oracle Universal Installer displays the Disk Location dialog box, then enter the disc mount point directory path. For example:

   • Disc mounted automatically:

     /dvd/dvd0
     

   • Disc mounted manually:

     /dvd
     

17 Installing Oracle Database

After configuring the oracle user's environment, start Oracle Universal Installer and install Oracle Database as follows:

1. Log on as the Oracle software owner user (typically, oracle) to the computer on which to install Oracle components.

2. If you are installing the software from installation media, then mount the disk if it is not mounted.

3. To start Oracle Universal Installer, enter the following command:

   $ /mount_point/db/runInstaller
   

   If Oracle Universal Installer does not start, then refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for information about how to troubleshoot X Window display problems.

4. The following table describes the recommended action for each Oracle Universal Installer screen. Use the following guidelines to complete the installation:

   • If you need more assistance, or to choose an option that is not the default, then click Help for additional information.

   • If you encounter errors while installing or linking the software, then refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for information about troubleshooting.

   Note:

   If you have completed the tasks listed previously, then you can complete the installation by choosing the default values on most screens.

   Screen	Recommended Action
   Configure Security Updates	Enter your e-mail address, preferably your My Oracle Support e-mail address or user name in the Email field. You can select the I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support check box to receive security updates. Enter your My Oracle Support password in the My Oracle Support Password field. Click Next.
   Select Installation Option	Select Create and configure a database from the following list of available options, then click Next: Create and configure a database Install database software only Upgrade an existing database
   System Class	Select Server Class from the following options to install the database, and click Next. Desktop Class: Choose this option if you are installing on a laptop or desktop class system. Server Class: Choose this option if you are installing on a server class system, such as what you would use when deploying Oracle in a production data center.
   Grid Installation Options	Select Single instance database installation for the type of database installation you want to perform, and click Next. Single instance database installation: This option installs the database and the listener. Real Application Clusters database installation: This option installs Oracle Real Application Clusters. Oracle RAC One Node database installation: This option installs the Oracle RAC One Node database.
   Select Install Type	Select Typical Install as the installation type from the following options, and click Next: Typical Install: This installation method is selected by default. It lets you quickly install Oracle Database using minimal input. Advanced Install: This installation method enables to perform more complex installations.
   Typical Install Configuration	Enter the following information according to your requirements: Oracle base: The Oracle base path appears by default. You can change the path based on your requirement. Software location: In the Software Location section, accept the default value or enter the Oracle home directory path in which you want to install Oracle components. The directory path should not contain spaces. Storage Type: Select File System, or Oracle Automatic Storage Management as the database storage option. Database file location: If you select File System as your storage type, then click Browse and specify a database file location. Database edition: Select the database edition to install. OSDBA Group: The OSDBA group is selected by default. You can also select the OSDBA group from the list. Global database name: Specify the Global Database Name using the following syntax: database_name.domain For example, sales.us.example.com Administrative password: Enter the password for the privileged database account. Confirm Password: Reenter, and confirm the password for the privileged database account. Select the Create as Container database option to create the database as a multitenant container database (CDB) that can support one or more pluggable databases (PDBs). If you want Oracle Universal Installer to create a PDB when it creates the CDB, specify the PDB name in the Pluggable Database Name field. Click Next to continue.
   Create Inventory	This screen is displayed only during the first installation of Oracle products on a system. Specify the full path of the Oracle Inventory directory. Ensure that the operating system group selected is oinstall. Click Next to continue.
   Perform Prerequisite Checks	Verify that all the prerequisite checks succeed, and then click Next. Oracle Universal Installer checks the system to verify that it is configured correctly to run Oracle software. If you have completed all the preinstallation steps in this guide, all the checks should pass. If a check fails, then review the cause of the failure listed for that check on the screen. If possible, rectify the problem and rerun the check. Alternatively, if you are satisfied that your system meets the requirements, then you can select the check box for the failed check to manually verify the requirement. Note: Oracle recommends that you use caution in checking the Ignore All option. If you check this option, then Oracle Universal Installer may not confirm if your system can install Oracle Database successfully.
   Summary	Review the information displayed on this screen, and then click Install. Note: You can save all the installation steps into a response file by clicking Save Response File. Later, this file can be used for a silent installation.
   Install Product	This screen displays the progress of a database installation. During this process, the Execute Configuration Scripts window appears. Do not click OK until you run the scripts mentioned in this screen as the root user. Click Next. This screen then displays the status information for the configuration assistants that configure the software and create a database. A message is displayed at the end of Database Configuration Assistant process. Review the database information, specially the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express URL, and click OK.
   Finish	This screen is displayed automatically when all the configuration tools are successful. Click Close.

   
   

18 Installing Oracle Database Examples

If you plan to use the following products or features, then download and install the products from the Oracle Database Examples media:

• Oracle JDBC Development Drivers

• Oracle Database Examples

• Oracle Text Knowledge Base

• Various Oracle product demonstrations

For information about installing software and various Oracle product demonstrations from the Oracle Database Examples media, refer to Oracle Database Examples Installation Guide.

19 What to Do Next?

To become familiar with this release of Oracle Database, it is recommended that you complete the following tasks:

• Log in to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express using a web browser.

  Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express 12c is a web-based management tool built into Oracle Database without any need for special installation or management. You can use Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express to manage a single Oracle Database installation. The default URL for Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express is similar to the following:

  http://host.domain:1158/em/
  

  To log in, use the user name SYS and connect as SYSDBA. Use the password that you specified for this user during the Oracle Database installation.

• Refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for information about required and optional postinstallation tasks, depending on the products to use.

• Refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for information about how to use Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express to learn about the configuration of your installed database.

• To learn more about using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express to administer a database, refer to Oracle Database 2 Day DBA.

20 Additional Information

This section contains information about the following:

• Product Licenses

• Purchasing Licenses and Version Updates

• Contacting Oracle Support Services

• Locating Product Documentation

Product Licenses

You are welcome to install and evaluate the products included in this media pack for 30 days under the terms of the Trial License Agreement. However, you must purchase a program license if you want to continue using any product after the 30 day evaluation period. See the following section for information about purchasing program licenses.

Purchasing Licenses and Version Updates

You can purchase program licenses and updated versions of Oracle products from the Oracle Store website:

https://shop.oracle.com

Contacting Oracle Support Services

If you have purchased Oracle Product Support, you can call Oracle Support Services for assistance 24 hours a day, seven days a week. For information about purchasing Oracle Product Support or contacting Oracle Support Services, go to the Oracle Support Services website:

http://www.oracle.com/support

Locating Product Documentation

Product documentation includes information about configuring, using, or administering Oracle products on any platform. The product documentation for Oracle Database products is available in both HTML and PDF formats online:

http://docs.oracle.com/

21 Documentation Accessibility

For information about Oracle's commitment to accessibility, visit the Oracle Accessibility Program website at http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=docacc.

Access to Oracle Support

Oracle customers that have purchased support have access to electronic support through My Oracle Support. For information, visit http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=info or visit http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=trs if you are hearing impaired.