2 Database Tools on Windows

Database Tools and Operating System Compatibility

Almost all database tools are available on all supported versions of Windows. The exceptions are:

• Oracle SQL Developer is available only at Oracle Technology Network (OTN). See

  http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/developer-tools/sql-developer/overview/index.html

• Oracle Enterprise Manager and its optional management packs have additional integrated tools to assist in managing databases. See Oracle Enterprise Manager Concepts for more information.

Preferred Database Tools

Table 2-1 lists various database tools you can use to perform common database administration tasks. Oracle recommends you use tools listed in the "Preferred Tool" column of the table. After choosing a tool to perform a task, go to Table 2-2, for instructions on how to start the tool.

D:\> exp system full=y volsize=100m;
Password: password
LRM-00101: unknown parameter name 'volsize'
EXP-00019: failed to process parameters, type 'EXP HELP=Y' for help
EXP-00000: Export terminated unsuccessfully

The following points refer to tools listed in Table 2-1, "Preferred Database Tools":

• ORADIM can set a password only when none was previously set. If a password has been previously set, then ORADIM can change it only by deleting and re-creating Oracle Database services. Starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1), ORADIM creates the Oracle Database service, Oracle VSS Writer service, and Oracle Scheduler service to run under the Oracle Home User account. If this account is a Local or Domain User Account, then ORADIM prompts for the password for that account and accepts the same through stdin.

  It is possible to specify both the Oracle Home User and its password using the -RUNAS osusr[/ospass] option to oradim. If the given osusr is different from the Oracle Home User, then the Oracle Home User is used instead of osusr along with the given ospass.

• User Migration Utility can migrate local or external users to enterprise users.

  For more information, see "Using the User Migration Utility" in Oracle Database Enterprise User Security Administrator's Guide.

• Oracle Database Upgrade Assistant can upgrade the following databases to the current release: Oracle9i Release 2 (9.2), Oracle Database 10g Release 1 (10.1), Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2), Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1), and Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2). Oracle Database Upgrade Assistant can also be used to apply patch sets.

  See Also:

  Oracle Database Upgrade Guide for more information about upgrading single instance and cluster databases

• Data Pump Export and Data Pump Import are preferred for Oracle Database 10g Release 1 (10.1) and later data; Export and Import are preferred for earlier data.

• If you back up files while you are shutting down the database, then your backup is invalid. You cannot use an invalid backup to restore files at a later date.

• You cannot use earlier versions of Oracle Wallet Manager to manage Oracle Database 10g Release 1 (10.1) and later wallets that contain password-based credentials for authentication to Oracle Internet Directory. These credentials are placed in the wallet when an Oracle Database server is registered in Oracle Internet Directory.

  The database wallet that Oracle Database Configuration Assistant automatically generates during database registration can be used only with Oracle Database 10g Release 1 (10.1) or later. You cannot use this database wallet for earlier versions of the database, nor can you use it for Oracle Internet Directory Release 9.0.4 or earlier.

• For guidelines on creating database objects, see Oracle Database Administrator's Guide.

Starting Database Tools in Multiple Oracle Homes

If you have multiple Oracle homes on your computer from previous releases, then see Appendix B, "Optimal Flexible Architecture" in Oracle Database Installation Guide for Microsoft Windows for a description of differences between Oracle homes in different releases.

Running Tools with Windows User Account Control

To ensure that only trusted applications run on your computer all Windows operating systems supported for Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1) provide User Account Control. If you have enabled this security feature, then, depending on how you have configured it, Oracle Universal Installer prompts you for either your consent or your credentials when installing Oracle Database Client. Provide either the consent or your Windows Administrator credentials as appropriate.

You must have Administrator privileges to run some configuration tools, or to run any tool or application that writes to any directory within the Oracle home. If User Account Control is enabled, and you are logged in as the local Administrator, then you can successfully run each of these commands in the usual way. However, if you are logged in as a member of the Administrator group, then you must explicitly run these tasks with Windows Administrator privileges.

The following tools must be run with Administrator privileges:

• Oracle Administration Assistant for Windows. This tool is available as a Configuration and Migration Tool.

• Oracle Net Configuration Assistant. This tool is available as a Configuration and Migration Tool.

• Oracle OLAP Analytic Workspace Manager and Worksheet. This tool is available as an Integrated Management Tool.

• Oracle Database Configuration Assistant. This tool is available as a Configuration and Migration Tool.

• Oracle Database Wallet Manager. This tool is available as an Integrated Management Tool.

• Oracle Database Upgrade Assistant. This tool is available as a Configuration and Migration Tool.

• Oracle Net Manager. This tool is available as a Configuration and Migration Tool.

• Oracle ASM Configuration Assistant. This tool is available as a Configuration and Migration Tool.

• Oracle ASM Disk Stamping Tool (asmtool, asmtoolg). This tool is available as a Configuration and Migration Tool.

To run any Start menu tool with Administrator privileges:

1. Click the Start menu option.

2. Select All Programs, then select Oracle - HOMENAME.

3. Select the name of the tool, then right-click the name of the tool or application you want to run, and then select Run as administrator.

These steps describe how to start a tool as an Administrator from the command prompt:

1. Create a shortcut for the command prompt window on your desktop. An icon for that shortcut appears on the desktop.

2. Right-click the icon for the newly created shortcut, and specify Run as administrator.

   When you open this window, the title bar reads Administrator: Command Prompt. Commands running within this window are run with Administrator privileges.

Starting Database Tools from the Start Menu

Table 2-2 describes how to start assistants and other tools from the Start menu. It also tells where to go for further information on using these products.

Starting Database Tools from the Command Line

Table 2-3 describes how to start Oracle Database tools from the command line, and where to go for further information on using these products.

Starting Windows Tools

Table 2-4 describes how to start each Windows tool and where to go for more information on using these products.

C:\> regedit

Windows Processing Options

This section discusses possible values for the operating system-dependent file processing specifications string option (os_file_proc_clause), referred to in "Specifying Data File Format and Buffering" in Chapter 9, "SQL*Loader Control File Reference", in Oracle Database Utilities.

INFILE mydata.dat "str '\n'"

INFILE mydata.dat "str x'0a'"

RECORDS DELIMITED BY '\n'

RECORDS DELIMITED BY 0x'0a'

Control File Conventions

When preparing SQL*Loader control files (.ctl), you must follow certain syntax and notational conventions.

In full path descriptions, backslashes do not require escape characters or other special treatment. When embedding a single or double quotation mark inside a string delimited by double quotation marks, place a backslash escape character before the embedded quotation mark.

When specifying data types in the SQL*Loader control file, note that the default sizes of native data types shown in Table 2-5 are specific to Windows. These data types can be loaded with correct results only between systems where they have the same length in bytes. You cannot override these defaults in the control file. If the byte order is different between the systems, you can indicate the byte order of the data with the BYTEORDER parameter, or you can place a byte-order mark (BOM) in the file.

Using Event Viewer to Monitor a Database

Event Viewer lets you monitor events in your system. An event is an important occurrence in the system or application (such as Oracle Database) that requires user notification. While messages for major events can appear on-screen as you work at your computer, events not requiring your immediate attention are recorded by Windows in the Event Viewer log file. You can then view this information at your convenience.

Use Event Viewer to monitor Oracle Database events, such as:

• Initialization of System Global Area for active instance

• Initialization of Program Global Area (PGA) for background processes of the active instance

• Connection to Oracle Database using AS SYSDBA

In addition, the operating system audit trail is logged in the Event Viewer log file, which can be viewed using Event Viewer.

Using Microsoft Management Console to Administer a Database

Microsoft Management Console provides a central location for network administration. Microsoft Management Console hosts applications (called snap-ins) that administrators can use to manage their networks. Oracle snap-ins enable database administrators to:

• Configure Oracle Database administrators, operators, users, and roles so the Windows operating system can authenticate them

• Configure OracleServiceSID

• Modify registry parameters for all Oracle homes on the computer

• Modify the computer host name, username, and password for the database

• View and terminate an Oracle Database thread

Using Registry Editor to Modify Configuration Information

Oracle Database stores its configuration information in a structure known as the registry. You can view and modify this configuration information through Registry Editor. The registry contains configuration information for your computer and must not be accessible for editing by inexperienced users. Only experienced administrators should view and change this information.

Registry Editor displays configuration information in a format similar to Windows Explorer. In the left-hand window is a tree-like format consisting of keys (or folders). When one of these keys is highlighted, parameters and values assigned to that key are displayed in the right-hand window.

When you install products from your media, configuration parameters are automatically entered in the registry. These parameters are read each time your Windows computer is started and whenever an Oracle Database product is started. These parameters include settings for:

• Oracle home directory

• Language

• Company name

• Oracle home subdirectories for individual products

• Individual products such as SQL*Plus

• Services

  See Also:

  Chapter 16, "Configuration Parameters and the Registry" for definitions of Oracle Database configuration parameters and specific instructions on using the registry to modify Oracle Database configuration parameters

Using Task Manager to Monitor Applications and Processes

Task Manager has four tabs:

• Applications tab displays what applications run. This is useful for identifying and ending unresponsive tasks. (Oracle Database does not appear as an application because it runs as a service.)

• Processes tab displays details of currently running processes and their resource usage. Columns are customizable.

• Performance tab graphically displays real-time CPU and memory usage, which is useful for spotting sudden changes.

• Networking tab graphically displays the network traffic taking place over the computer's network connections.

Using Local Users and Groups to Manage Users and Groups

Local Users and Groups enables you to manage users and groups on Windows. Specifically, you can:

• Create and modify Local User Accounts

• Create and modify user profiles

• Create, add, and delete local groups