SQL statements are the means by which programs and users access data in an Oracle database.
The sections that follow show each SQL statement and its related syntax. Refer to Chapter 5, "Subclauses" for the syntax of the subclauses listed in the syntax for the statements.
See Also:
Oracle Database SQL Language Reference for detailed information about Oracle SQL
ADMINISTER KEY MANAGEMENT
{ keystore_management_clauses
| key_management_clauses
| secret_management_clauses
} ;
ALTER AUDIT POLICY policy
[ ADD [ privilege_audit_clause ] [ action_audit_clause ] [ role_audit_clause ] ]
[ DROP [ privilege_audit_clause ] [ action_audit_clause ] [ role_audit_clause ] ]
[ CONDITION { DROP | 'audit_condition' EVALUATE PER { STATEMENT | SESSION | INSTANCE } } ]
;
ALTER CLUSTER [ schema. ] cluster
{ physical_attributes_clause
| SIZE size_clause
| [ MODIFY PARTITION partition ] allocate_extent_clause
| deallocate_unused_clause
| { CACHE | NOCACHE }
} ...
[ parallel_clause ] ;
ALTER DATABASE [ database ]
{ startup_clauses
| recovery_clauses
| database_file_clauses
| logfile_clauses
| controlfile_clauses
| standby_database_clauses
| default_settings_clauses
| instance_clauses
| security_clause
} ;
ALTER DATABASE LINK dblink
{ CONNECT TO user IDENTIFIED BY password [ dblink_authentication ]
| dblink_authentication
};
ALTER DIMENSION [ schema. ] dimension
{ ADD { level_clause
| hierarchy_clause
| attribute_clause
| extended_attribute_clause
}
} ...
|
{ DROP { LEVEL level [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
| HIERARCHY hierarchy
| ATTRIBUTE attribute [ LEVEL level [ COLUMN column ] ]...
}
} ...
|
COMPILE
;
ALTER DISKGROUP
{ diskgroup_name
{ { { add_disk_clause | drop_disk_clause }
[, { add_disk_clause | drop_disk_clause } ]...
| resize_disk_clause
} [ rebalance_diskgroup_clause ]
| replace_disk_clause
| rename_disk_clause
| disk_online_clause
| disk_offline_clause
| rebalance_diskgroup_clause
| check_diskgroup_clause
| diskgroup_template_clauses
| diskgroup_directory_clauses
| diskgroup_alias_clauses
| diskgroup_volume_clauses
| diskgroup_attributes
| modify_diskgroup_file
| drop_diskgroup_file_clause
| usergroup_clauses
| user_clauses
| file_permissions_clause
| file_owner_clause
| scrub_clause
}
| { diskgroup_name [, diskgroup_name ] ...
| ALL
} { undrop_disk_clause
| diskgroup_availability
| enable_disable_volume
}
} ;
ALTER FLASHBACK ARCHIVE flashback_archive
{ SET DEFAULT
| { ADD | MODIFY } TABLESPACE tablespace [flashback_archive_quota]
| REMOVE TABLESPACE tablespace_name
| MODIFY RETENTION flashback_archive_retention
| PURGE { ALL | BEFORE { SCN expr | TIMESTAMP expr } }
| [NO] OPTIMIZE DATA
};
ALTER FUNCTION [ schema. ] function_name
{ function_compile_clause | { EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE } }
ALTER INDEX [ schema. ]index
{ { deallocate_unused_clause
| allocate_extent_clause
| shrink_clause
| parallel_clause
| physical_attributes_clause
| logging_clause
| partial_index_clause
} ...
| rebuild_clause
| PARAMETERS ( 'ODCI_parameters' )
)
| COMPILE
| { ENABLE | DISABLE }
| UNUSABLE [ ONLINE ]
| VISIBLE | INVISIBLE
| RENAME TO new_name
| COALESCE [ CLEANUP ]
| { MONITORING | NOMONITORING } USAGE
| UPDATE BLOCK REFERENCES
| alter_index_partitioning
}
;
ALTER INDEXTYPE [ schema. ] indextype
{ { ADD | DROP } [ schema. ] operator ( parameter_types )
[ , { ADD | DROP } [schema. ] operator ( parameter_types ) ]... [ using_type_clause ]
| COMPILE
}
[ WITH LOCAL [ RANGE ] PARTITION ] [ storage_table_clause ]
;
ALTER JAVA
{ SOURCE | CLASS } [ schema. ]object_name
[ RESOLVER
( ( match_string [, ] { schema_name | - } )... )
]
{ { COMPILE | RESOLVE }
| invoker_rights_clause
} ;
ALTER LIBRARY [ schema. ] library_name
{ library_compile_clause | { EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE } }
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
[ schema. ] materialized_view
[ physical_attributes_clause
| modify_mv_column_clause
| table_compression
| inmemory_alter_table_clause
| LOB_storage_clause [, LOB_storage_clause ]...
| modify_LOB_storage_clause [, modify_LOB_storage_clause ]...
| alter_table_partitioning
| parallel_clause
| logging_clause
| allocate_extent_clause
| deallocate_unused_clause
| shrink_clause
| { CACHE | NOCACHE }
]
[ alter_iot_clauses ]
[ USING INDEX physical_attributes_clause ]
[ MODIFY scoped_table_ref_constraint
| alter_mv_refresh
]
[ evaluation_edition_clause ]
[ alter_query_rewrite_clause
| COMPILE
| CONSIDER FRESH
] ;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG [ FORCE ]
ON [ schema. ]table
[ physical_attributes_clause
| add_mv_log_column_clause
| alter_table_partitioning
| parallel_clause
| logging_clause
| allocate_extent_clause
| shrink_clause
| move_mv_log_clause
| { CACHE | NOCACHE }
] [ mv_log_augmentation ] [ mv_log_purge_clause ] [ for_refresh_clause ]
;
ALTER MATERIALIZED ZONEMAP [ schema. ] zonemap_name
{ alter_zonemap_attributes
| zonemap_refresh_clause
| { ENABLE | DISABLE } PRUNING
| COMPILE
| REBUILD
| UNUSABLE
} ;
ALTER OPERATOR [ schema. ] operator
{ add_binding_clause
| drop_binding_clause
| COMPILE
} ;
ALTER OUTLINE [ PUBLIC | PRIVATE ] outline
{ REBUILD
| RENAME TO new_outline_name
| CHANGE CATEGORY TO new_category_name
| { ENABLE | DISABLE }
} ...
;
ALTER PACKAGE [ schema. ] package_name
{ package_compile_clause | { EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE } }
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE
{ pdb_unplug_clause
| pdb_settings_clauses
| pdb_datafile_clause
| pdb_recovery_clauses
| pdb_change_state
| pdb_change_state_from_root
} ;
ALTER PROCEDURE [ schema. ] procedure_name
{ procedure_compile_clause | { EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE } }
ALTER PROFILE profile LIMIT
{ resource_parameters | password_parameters } ...
[ CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL } ] ;
ALTER RESOURCE COST
{ { CPU_PER_SESSION
| CONNECT_TIME
| LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION
| PRIVATE_SGA
} integer
} ...
;
ALTER ROLE role
{ NOT IDENTIFIED
| IDENTIFIED
{ BY password
| USING [ schema. ] package
| EXTERNALLY
| GLOBALLY
}
}
[ CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL } ] ;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rollback_segment
{ ONLINE
| OFFLINE
| storage_clause
| SHRINK [ TO size_clause ]
};
ALTER SEQUENCE [ schema. ] sequence
{ INCREMENT BY integer
| { MAXVALUE integer | NOMAXVALUE }
| { MINVALUE integer | NOMINVALUE }
| { CYCLE | NOCYCLE }
| { CACHE integer | NOCACHE }
| { ORDER | NOORDER }
| { KEEP | NOKEEP }
| { SESSION | GLOBAL }
} ...
;
ALTER SESSION
{ ADVISE { COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NOTHING }
| CLOSE DATABASE LINK dblink
| { ENABLE | DISABLE } COMMIT IN PROCEDURE
| { ENABLE | DISABLE } GUARD
| { ENABLE | DISABLE | FORCE } PARALLEL
{ DML | DDL | QUERY } [ PARALLEL integer ]
| { ENABLE RESUMABLE [ TIMEOUT integer ] [ NAME string ]
| DISABLE RESUMABLE
}
| SYNC WITH PRIMARY
| alter_session_set_clause
} ;
ALTER [ PUBLIC ] SYNONYM [ schema. ] synonym
{ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE | COMPILE } ;
ALTER SYSTEM
{ archive_log_clause
| checkpoint_clause
| check_datafiles_clause
| distributed_recov_clauses
| FLUSH { SHARED_POOL | BUFFER_CACHE | REDO TO target_db_name [ [ NO ] CONFIRM APPLY ] }
| end_session_clauses
| SWITCH LOGFILE
| { SUSPEND | RESUME }
| quiesce_clauses
| rolling_migration_clauses
| rolling_patch_clauses
| security_clauses
| shutdown_dispatcher_clause
| REGISTER
| SET alter_system_set_clause
[ alter_system_set_clause ]...
| RESET alter_system_reset_clause
[ alter_system_reset_clause ]...
| RELOCATE CLIENT client_id
} ;
ALTER TABLE [ schema. ] table
[ alter_table_properties
| column_clauses
| constraint_clauses
| alter_table_partitioning
| alter_external_table
| move_table_clause
| modify_opaque_type
]
[ enable_disable_clause
| { ENABLE | DISABLE } { TABLE LOCK | ALL TRIGGERS }
] ...
;
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace
{ DEFAULT [ table_compression ] [ inmemory_clause ] [ storage_clause ]
| MINIMUM EXTENT size_clause
| RESIZE size_clause
| COALESCE
| SHRINK SPACE [ KEEP size_clause]
| RENAME TO new_tablespace_name
| { BEGIN | END } BACKUP
| datafile_tempfile_clauses
| tablespace_logging_clauses
| tablespace_group_clause
| tablespace_state_clauses
| autoextend_clause
| flashback_mode_clause
| tablespace_retention_clause
} ;
ALTER TRIGGER [ schema. ] trigger_name
{ trigger_compile_clause
| { ENABLE| DISABLE }
| RENAME TO new_name
| { EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE }
} ;
ALTER TYPE [ schema. ] type_name
{ alter_type_clause | { EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE } }
ALTER USER
{ user
{ IDENTIFIED
{ BY password [ REPLACE old_password ]
| EXTERNALLY [ AS 'certificate_DN' | AS 'kerberos_principal_name' ]
| GLOBALLY [ AS '[directory_DN]' ]
}
| DEFAULT TABLESPACE tablespace
| TEMPORARY TABLESPACE { tablespace | tablespace_group_name }
| { QUOTA { size_clause
| UNLIMITED
} ON tablespace
} ...
| PROFILE profile
| DEFAULT ROLE { role [, role ]...
| ALL [ EXCEPT role [, role ]... ]
| NONE
}
| PASSWORD EXPIRE
| ACCOUNT { LOCK | UNLOCK }
| ENABLE EDITIONS [ FOR object_type [, object_type ]... ] [ FORCE ]
| CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL }
| container_data_clause
} ...
| user [, user ]... proxy_clause
} ;
ALTER VIEW [ schema. ] view
{ ADD out_of_line_constraint
| MODIFY CONSTRAINT constraint
{ RELY | NORELY }
| DROP { CONSTRAINT constraint
| PRIMARY KEY
| UNIQUE (column [, column ]...)
}
| COMPILE
| { READ ONLY | READ WRITE }
| { EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE }
} ;
ANALYZE
{ { TABLE [ schema. ] table
| INDEX [ schema. ] index
} [ partition_extension_clause ]
| CLUSTER [ schema. ] cluster
}
{ validation_clauses
| LIST CHAINED ROWS [ into_clause ]
| DELETE [ SYSTEM ] STATISTICS
} ;
ASSOCIATE STATISTICS WITH
{ column_association | function_association }
[ storage_table_clause ] ;
AUDIT
{ audit_operation_clause [ auditing_by_clause | IN SESSION CURRENT ]
| audit_schema_object_clause
| NETWORK
| DIRECT_PATH LOAD [ auditing_by_clause ]
} [ BY { SESSION | ACCESS } ]
[ WHENEVER [ NOT ] SUCCESSFUL ]
[ CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL } ]
;
AUDIT
{ POLICY policy
[ { BY user [, user]... } | { EXCEPT user [, user]... } ]
[ WHENEVER [ NOT ] SUCCESSFUL ]
}
|
{ CONTEXT NAMESPACE namespace ATTRIBUTES attribute [, attribute ]...
[, CONTEXT NAMESPACE namespace ATTRIBUTES attribute [, attribute ]... ]...
[ BY user [, user]... ]
} ;
CALL
{ routine_clause
| object_access_expression
}
[ INTO :host_variable
[ [ INDICATOR ] :indicator_variable ] ] ;
COMMENT ON
{ AUDIT POLICY policy
| COLUMN [ schema. ]
{ table. | view. | materialized_view. } column
| EDITION edition_name
| INDEXTYPE [ schema. ] indextype
| MATERIALIZED VIEW materialized_view
| MINING MODEL [ schema. ] model
| OPERATOR [ schema. ] operator
| TABLE [ schema. ] { table | view }
}
IS string ;
COMMIT [ WORK ]
[ [ COMMENT string ]
| [ WRITE [ WAIT | NOWAIT ] [ IMMEDIATE | BATCH ]
]
| FORCE { string [, integer ]
| CORRUPT_XID string
| CORRUPT_XID_ALL
}
] ;
CREATE AUDIT POLICY policy
[ privilege_audit_clause ] [ action_audit_clause ] [ role_audit_clause ]
[ WHEN 'audit_condition' EVALUATE PER { STATEMENT | SESSION | INSTANCE } ]
[ CONTAINER = { ALL | CURRENT } ] ;
CREATE CLUSTER [ schema. ] cluster
(column datatype [ SORT ]
[, column datatype [ SORT ] ]...
)
[ { physical_attributes_clause
| SIZE size_clause
| TABLESPACE tablespace
| { INDEX
| [ SINGLE TABLE ]
HASHKEYS integer [ HASH IS expr ]
}
}...
]
[ parallel_clause ]
[ NOROWDEPENDENCIES | ROWDEPENDENCIES ]
[ CACHE | NOCACHE ] [ cluster_range_partitions ] ;
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] CONTEXT namespace
USING [ schema. ] package
[ INITIALIZED { EXTERNALLY | GLOBALLY }
| ACCESSED GLOBALLY
] ;
CREATE CONTROLFILE
[ REUSE ] [ SET ] DATABASE database
[ logfile_clause ]
{ RESETLOGS | NORESETLOGS }
[ DATAFILE file_specification
[, file_specification ]... ]
[ MAXLOGFILES integer
| MAXLOGMEMBERS integer
| MAXLOGHISTORY integer
| MAXDATAFILES integer
| MAXINSTANCES integer
| { ARCHIVELOG | NOARCHIVELOG }
| FORCE LOGGING
]...
[ character_set_clause ] ;
CREATE DATABASE [ database ]
{ USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY password
| USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY password
| CONTROLFILE REUSE
| MAXDATAFILES integer
| MAXINSTANCES integer
| CHARACTER SET charset
| NATIONAL CHARACTER SET charset
| SET DEFAULT
{ BIGFILE | SMALLFILE } TABLESPACE
| database_logging_clauses
| tablespace_clauses
| set_time_zone_clause
| [ BIGFILE | SMALLFILE ] USER_DATA TABLESPACE tablespace_name
DATAFILE datafile_tempfile_spec [, datafile_tempfile_spec ]...
| enable_pluggable_database
}... ;
CREATE [ SHARED ] [ PUBLIC ] DATABASE LINK dblink
[ CONNECT TO
{ CURRENT_USER
| user IDENTIFIED BY password [ dblink_authentication ]
}
| dblink_authentication
]...
[ USING connect_string ] ;
CREATE DIMENSION [ schema. ] dimension
level_clause ...
{ hierarchy_clause
| attribute_clause
| extended_attribute_clause
}...
;
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] DIRECTORY directory AS 'path_name' ;
CREATE DISKGROUP diskgroup_name
[ { HIGH | NORMAL | EXTERNAL } REDUNDANCY ]
{ [ QUORUM | REGULAR ][ FAILGROUP failgroup_name ]
DISK qualified_disk_clause [, qualified_disk_clause]...
} ...
[ ATTRIBUTE { 'attribute_name' = 'attribute_value' }... ]
;
CREATE EDITION edition [ AS CHILD OF parent_edition ] ;
CREATE FLASHBACK ARCHIVE [DEFAULT] flashback_archive TABLESPACE tablespace [flashback_archive_quota] [ [NO] OPTIMIZE DATA ] flashback_archive_retention ;
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ] FUNCTION plsql_function_source
CREATE [ UNIQUE | BITMAP ] INDEX [ schema. ] index
ON { cluster_index_clause
| table_index_clause
| bitmap_join_index_clause
}
[ USABLE | UNUSABLE ] ;
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] INDEXTYPE [ schema. ] indextype
FOR [ schema. ] operator (paramater_type [, paramater_type ]...)
[, [ schema. ] operator (paramater_type [, paramater_type ]...)
]...
using_type_clause
[WITH LOCAL [RANGE] PARTITION ]
[ storage_table_clause ]
;
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ AND { RESOLVE | COMPILE } ] [ NOFORCE ]
JAVA { { SOURCE | RESOURCE } NAMED [ schema. ] primary_name
| CLASS [ SCHEMA schema ]
}
[ invoker_rights_clause ]
[ RESOLVER ( (match_string [,] { schema_name | - })...) ]
{ USING { BFILE (directory_object_name, server_file_name)
| { CLOB | BLOB | BFILE } subquery
| 'key_for_BLOB'
}
| AS source_char
} ;
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ] LIBRARY plsql_library_source
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW [ schema. ] materialized_view
[ OF [ schema. ] object_type ]
[ ( { scoped_table_ref_constraint
| column_alias [ENCRYPT [encryption_spec]]
}
[, { scoped_table_ref_constraint
| column_alias [ENCRYPT [encryption_spec]]
}
]...
)
]
{ ON PREBUILT TABLE
[ { WITH | WITHOUT } REDUCED PRECISION ]
| physical_properties materialized_view_props
}
[ USING INDEX
[ physical_attributes_clause
| TABLESPACE tablespace
]...
| USING NO INDEX
]
[ create_mv_refresh ]
[ FOR UPDATE ]
[ evaluation_edition_clause ]
[ query_rewrite_clause ]
AS subquery ;
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON [ schema. ] table
[ physical_attributes_clause
| TABLESPACE tablespace
| logging_clause
| { CACHE | NOCACHE }
]...
[ parallel_clause ]
[ table_partitioning_clauses ]
[ WITH [ { OBJECT ID
| PRIMARY KEY
| ROWID
| SEQUENCE
| COMMIT SCN
}
[ { , OBJECT ID
| , PRIMARY KEY
| , ROWID
| , SEQUENCE
| , COMMIT SCN
}
]... ]
(column [, column ]...)
[ new_values_clause ]
] [ mv_log_purge_clause ] [ for_refresh_clause ]
;
{ create_zonemap_on_table | create_zonemap_as_subquery } ;
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] OPERATOR [ schema. ] operator binding_clause ;
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ PUBLIC | PRIVATE ] OUTLINE [ outline ] [ FROM [ PUBLIC | PRIVATE ] source_outline ] [ FOR CATEGORY category ] [ ON statement ] ;
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ] PACKAGE plsql_package_source
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ] PACKAGE BODY plsql_package_body_source
CREATE PFILE [= 'pfile_name' ]
FROM { SPFILE [= 'spfile_name']
| MEMORY
} ;
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb_name
{ create_pdb_from_seed | create_pdb_clone | create_pdb_from_xml } ;
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ] PROCEDURE plsql_procedure_source
CREATE PROFILE profile
LIMIT { resource_parameters
| password_parameters
}...
[ CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL } ] ;
CREATE RESTORE POINT restore_point
[ AS OF {TIMESTAMP | SCN} expr ]
[ PRESERVE
| GUARANTEE FLASHBACK DATABASE
];
CREATE ROLE role
[ NOT IDENTIFIED
| IDENTIFIED { BY password
| USING [ schema. ] package
| EXTERNALLY
| GLOBALLY
}
] [ CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL } ];
CREATE [ PUBLIC ] ROLLBACK SEGMENT rollback_segment [ TABLESPACE tablespace | storage_clause ]...];
CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION schema
{ create_table_statement
| create_view_statement
| grant_statement
}...
;
CREATE SEQUENCE [ schema. ] sequence
[ { INCREMENT BY | START WITH } integer
| { MAXVALUE integer | NOMAXVALUE }
| { MINVALUE integer | NOMINVALUE }
| { CYCLE | NOCYCLE }
| { CACHE integer | NOCACHE }
| { ORDER | NOORDER }
| { KEEP | NOKEEP }
| { SESSION | GLOBAL }
]...
;
CREATE SPFILE [= 'spfile_name' ]
FROM { PFILE [= 'pfile_name' ]
| MEMORY
} ;
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ] [ PUBLIC ] SYNONYM [ schema. ] synonym FOR [ schema. ] object [ @ dblink ] ;
CREATE [ GLOBAL TEMPORARY ] TABLE [ schema. ] table
{ relational_table | object_table | XMLType_table } ;
CREATE
[ BIGFILE | SMALLFILE ]
{ permanent_tablespace_clause
| temporary_tablespace_clause
| undo_tablespace_clause
} ;
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ] TRIGGER plsql_trigger_source
CREATE [OR REPLACE] [ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ] TYPE plsql_type_source
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ] TYPE BODY plsql_type_body_source
CREATE USER user
IDENTIFIED { BY password
| EXTERNALLY [ AS 'certificate_DN' | AS 'kerberos_principal_name' ]
| GLOBALLY [ AS '[ directory_DN ]' ]
}
[ DEFAULT TABLESPACE tablespace
| TEMPORARY TABLESPACE
{ tablespace | tablespace_group_name }
| { QUOTA { size_clause | UNLIMITED } ON tablespace }...
| PROFILE profile
| PASSWORD EXPIRE
| ACCOUNT { LOCK | UNLOCK }
[ DEFAULT TABLESPACE tablespace
| TEMPORARY TABLESPACE
{ tablespace | tablespace_group_name }
| { QUOTA { size_clause | UNLIMITED } ON tablespace }...
| PROFILE profile
| PASSWORD EXPIRE
| ACCOUNT { LOCK | UNLOCK }
| ENABLE EDITIONS
| CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL }
]...
] ;
CREATE [OR REPLACE]
[[NO] FORCE]
[ EDITIONING | EDITIONABLE [ EDITIONING ] | NONEDITIONABLE ]
VIEW [schema.] view
[ ( { alias [ VISIBLE | INVISIBLE ] [ inline_constraint... ]
| out_of_line_constraint
}
[, { alias [ VISIBLE | INVISIBLE ] [ inline_constraint...]
| out_of_line_constraint
}
]
)
| object_view_clause
| XMLType_view_clause
]
[ BEQUEATH { CURRENT_USER | DEFINER } ]
AS subquery [ subquery_restriction_clause ] ;
DELETE [ hint ]
[ FROM ]
{ dml_table_expression_clause
| ONLY (dml_table_expression_clause)
} [ t_alias ]
[ where_clause ]
[ returning_clause ]
[error_logging_clause];
DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS FROM
{ COLUMNS [ schema. ]table.column
[, [ schema. ]table.column ]...
| FUNCTIONS [ schema. ]function
[, [ schema. ]function ]...
| PACKAGES [ schema. ]package
[, [ schema. ]package ]...
| TYPES [ schema. ]type
[, [ schema. ]type ]...
| INDEXES [ schema. ]index
[, [ schema. ]index ]...
| INDEXTYPES [ schema. ]indextype
[, [ schema. ]indextype ]...
}
[ FORCE ] ;
DROP AUDIT POLICY policy ;
DROP CLUSTER [ schema. ] cluster [ INCLUDING TABLES [ CASCADE CONSTRAINTS ] ] ;
DROP CONTEXT namespace ;
DROP DATABASE ;
DROP [ PUBLIC ] DATABASE LINK dblink ;
DROP DIMENSION [ schema. ] dimension ;
DROP DIRECTORY directory_name ;
DROP DISKGROUP diskgroup_name
[ FORCE INCLUDING CONTENTS
| { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } CONTENTS
];
DROP EDITION edition [CASCADE];
DROP FLASHBACK ARCHIVE flashback_archive;
DROP FUNCTION [ schema. ] function_name ;
DROP INDEX [ schema. ] index [ ONLINE ] [ FORCE ] ;
DROP INDEXTYPE [ schema. ] indextype [ FORCE ] ;
DROP JAVA { SOURCE | CLASS | RESOURCE }
[ schema. ] object_name ;
DROP LIBRARY library_name ;
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW [ schema. ] materialized_view [ PRESERVE TABLE ] ;
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON [ schema. ] table ;
DROP MATERIALIZED ZONEMAP [ schema. ] zonemap_name ;
DROP OPERATOR [ schema. ] operator [ FORCE ] ;
DROP OUTLINE outline ;
DROP PACKAGE [ BODY ] [ schema. ] package ;
DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb_name
[ { KEEP | INCLUDING } DATAFILES ] ;
DROP PROCEDURE [ schema. ] procedure ;
DROP PROFILE profile [ CASCADE ] ;
DROP RESTORE POINT restore_point ;
DROP ROLE role ;
DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT rollback_segment ;
DROP SEQUENCE [ schema. ] sequence_name ;
DROP [PUBLIC] SYNONYM [ schema. ] synonym [FORCE] ;
DROP TABLE [ schema. ] table [ CASCADE CONSTRAINTS ] [ PURGE ] ;
DROP TABLESPACE tablespace
[ INCLUDING CONTENTS [ {AND | KEEP} DATAFILES ]
[ CASCADE CONSTRAINTS ]
] ;
DROP TRIGGER [ schema. ] trigger ;
DROP TYPE [ schema. ] type_name [ FORCE | VALIDATE ] ;
DROP TYPE BODY [ schema. ] type_name ;
DROP USER user [ CASCADE ] ;
DROP VIEW [ schema. ] view [ CASCADE CONSTRAINTS ] ;
EXPLAIN PLAN [ SET STATEMENT_ID = string ] [ INTO [ schema. ] table [ @ dblink ] ] FOR statement ;
FLASHBACK [ STANDBY ] DATABASE [ database ]
{ TO { { SCN | TIMESTAMP } expr
| RESTORE POINT restore_point
}
}
| { TO BEFORE { { SCN | TIMESTAMP } expr
| RESETLOGS
}
} ;
FLASHBACK TABLE
[ schema. ] table
[, [ schema. ] table ]...
TO { { { SCN | TIMESTAMP } expr
| RESTORE POINT restore_point
} [ { ENABLE | DISABLE } TRIGGERS ]
| BEFORE DROP [ RENAME TO table ]
} ;
GRANT
{ { { grant_system_privileges | grant_object_privileges }
[ CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL } ] }
| grant_roles_to_programs
} ;
INSERT [ hint ]
{ single_table_insert | multi_table_insert } ;
LOCK TABLE [ schema. ] { table | view }
[ partition_extension_clause
| @ dblink
] [, [ schema. ] { table | view }
[ partition_extension_clause
| @ dblink
]
]...
IN lockmode MODE
[ NOWAIT
| WAIT integer
] ;
MERGE [ hint ]
INTO [ schema. ] { table | view } [ t_alias ]
USING { [ schema. ] { table | view }
| subquery
} [ t_alias ]
ON ( condition )
[ merge_update_clause ]
[ merge_insert_clause ]
[ error_logging_clause ] ;
NOAUDIT (Traditional Auditing)
NOAUDIT
{ audit_operation_clause [ auditing_by_clause ]
| audit_schema_object_clause
| NETWORK
| DIRECT_PATH LOAD [ auditing_by_clause ]
}
[ WHENEVER [ NOT ] SUCCESSFUL ]
[ CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL } ] ;
NOAUDIT
{ POLICY policy
| CONTEXT NAMESPACE namespace ATTRIBUTES attribute [, attribute ]...
[, CONTEXT NAMESPACE namespace ATTRIBUTES attribute [, attribute ]... ]...
}
[ BY user [, user]... ] ;
PURGE { { TABLE table | INDEX index }
| { RECYCLEBIN | DBA_RECYCLEBIN }
| TABLESPACE tablespace [ USER username ]
} ;
RENAME old_name TO new_name ;
REVOKE
{ { revoke_system_privileges | revoke_object_privileges }
[ CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL } ] }
| revoke_roles_from_programs ;
ROLLBACK [ WORK ] [ TO [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint | FORCE string ] ;
SAVEPOINT savepoint ;
subquery [ for_update_clause ] ;
SET { CONSTRAINT | CONSTRAINTS }
{ constraint [, constraint ]...
| ALL
}
{ IMMEDIATE | DEFERRED } ;
SET ROLE
{ role [ IDENTIFIED BY password ]
[, role [ IDENTIFIED BY password ] ]...
| ALL [ EXCEPT role [, role ]... ]
| NONE
} ;
SET TRANSACTION
{ { READ { ONLY | WRITE }
| ISOLATION LEVEL
{ SERIALIZABLE | READ COMMITTED }
| USE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rollback_segment
} [ NAME string ]
| NAME string
} ;
TRUNCATE CLUSTER [schema.] cluster
[ {DROP | REUSE} STORAGE ] ;
TRUNCATE TABLE [schema.] table
[ {PRESERVE | PURGE} MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ]
[ {DROP [ ALL ] | REUSE} STORAGE ] [ CASCADE ] ;
UPDATE [ hint ]
{ dml_table_expression_clause
| ONLY (dml_table_expression_clause)
} [ t_alias ]
update_set_clause
[ where_clause ]
[ returning_clause ]
[error_logging_clause] ;